Editor’s Notebook


Teaching with Documents —Lee Ann Potter
A newly launched project highlights one hundred landmark documents—such as the United States Constitution, Thomas Edison’s electric lamp patent, and the canceled check for Alaska—that have influenced the course of U.S. history. Here’s how to integrate these documents into classroom instruction.


Looking at the Law
—James H. Landman
Marbury v. Madison: Bicentennial of a Landmark Decision
This article revisits the historic two-hundred-year-old verdict that affirmed the Supreme Court’s right to review, and overturn, congressional or executive acts it deems unconstitutional.

In Focus
Crisis with Iraq: A Lesson Plan
—Choices Education Program, Watson Institute, Brown University
As a debate continues in the United States and abroad about U.S. policy toward Iraq, this lesson plan will help teachers engage their students in considering that important issue.


In Focus
Spotlight on Iraq
An information section prepared by the staff of Social Education
The special section provides background information on a country and regime that looms large in the news.


Surfing the Net
—C. Frederick Risinger
Teaching about Civics and Citizenship with the Internet
This practiced web surfer describes a range of sites every social studies teacher must bookmark.


Trade, Travel, and Scholarship in Dar al Islam
—Joan Brodsky Schur
Students journey to the fifteenth century Islamic world with this simulation activity to learn how trade and travel fostered intellectual achievement, as well as improvements in material life.


What Will Students Remember? Closing a Unit on the Holocaust
—Samuel Totten
The author suggests ways to close lessons on the Holocaust that will stimulate student thought on the role of citizens in a democracy.


The “We the People” Program
—Diane Hart
Since 1987, millions of students have participated in this national civics program. Surveys show that alumni are more likely than are their peers to vote, pay attention to public affairs, or participate in politics.


Point of View
Multicultural Education in Social Studies
—Guichun Zong, Jesus Garcia, and Angene Wilson
The authors counter criticisms of multicultural education by describing how its pedagogical approaches promote a thoughtful patriotism.


Profit and Loss in the Classroom: Will the Business Model Bankrupt Education?
—Wilma S. Longstreets
Those trying to fit public education, despite its complexities, into the simplicity of the business model may only be causing further harm.


What Do Children Know about Food, Shelter, and Other Cultural Universals?
—Jere Brophy and Janet Alleman
Human activities relating to cultural universals like food, clothing, and shelter dominate everyday living. The authors researched children’s knowledge of these topics to assist educators teaching elementary-level social studies.


Annual Author and Story Index

Teaching with Documents

Telegram Relating to the Slave Trade
Karen Needles and Lee Ann Potter
Slave trader Nathaniel Gordon was found guilty of illegally transporting African slaves in 1861. A trail of documents recounts the legal battle waged by his supporters to try and stop his execution.

Looking at the Law

Supreme Court Preview
Charles F. Williams
Are “get-tough-on crime” laws or sex offender registries constitutional? This fall, the Supreme Court is slated to consider these questions and also hear some high profile cases with racial overtones like Virginia’s prohibition on cross burning.

What Patriotism Means Today in the Wake of 9/11
Roger Wilkins
This university professor, who served as assistant attorney general in the Johnson administration, points out that dissent can be a form of patriotism, especially in times like these “when the blood is hot.”

“I Like Those Other Cultures Now”: Teaching High School Anthropology
Claire Berkowitz
By studying other cultures, a group of high school students in Arizona learns that “weird” is relative, and that not everyone has heard of the cheeseburger.

What Will Our Students Remember?
Teresa Brain
A teacher ponders how to plan a curriculum to catch students’ interest, without relying on conflict or sensationalism.

The Lessons of Vietnam
Toni Fuss Kirkwood-Tucker and Janet E. Benton
The authors explore using literature to teach controversial topics—like the Vietnam War—from a global perspective.

Service Learning in Contemporary Japan and America
Joseph Feinberg
Both Japan and the State of Maryland are experimenting with student service learning requirements as a way to indirectly combat violence, bullying and truancy.

A Cultural Immersion Experience in Xalapa, Mexico
H. James McLaughlin, Shirley Hotch, and Gail Sargent
After a cultural exchange program in Mexico, a group of American teachers learned to better understand the experience of their immigrant students.

Evaluating “Brain-Based” Curricular Claims
Doris Bergen
Can educational products stimulate specific types of development in children’s brains? The author explores the links between childhood experience and brain structure.

Teaching with Documents

Alien Enemy Registration During World War I
Helen Divjak and Lee Ann Potter
German immigrants who had not yet become citizens of the United States found their world turned upside down by a presidential proclamation declaring them enemy aliens in World War One.

Research and Practice

Teaching Tolerance: What Research Tells Us
Patricia G. Avery
At a time when it is more important than ever to promote tolerance of diverse beliefs, educational research shows how teachers can play their part.

Learning to Legislate in an e-Congress
Angela Stokes
This Internet simulation of Congress allows students to learn by doing as they draft legislation on important topics and try to get it passed.

Using Newspapers to Teach about the Election: A Lesson Plan
Colette Yeich
By following the author’s suggestions, teachers will be able to lead students beyond the headlines into meaningful research and systematic analysis of this fal#146;s elections.

Mandatory School Uniforms: A Debate for Students
John D. Hoge, Stuart J. Foster, Pat Nickell, and Sherry L. Field
Do school uniform codes limit students’ freedom of expression? And do they refocus student attention away from fashion toward academics? Students can research and debate the issues by examining what happened in Polk County, Florida, when the school board implemented a school uniform policy for K-8 students.

Looking at the Law

An Elusive Ideal: Judicial Selection and American Democracy
James H. Landman
This article compares state systems that elect judges with other systems for the appointment of judges, in the light of a recent Supreme Court decision that might lead to judicial elections becoming more political.

Teaching About September 11 and its Aftermath
Howard D. Mehlinger
Educating students about a historical watershed like the attacks of September 11 and the U.S. response to them requires careful selection of the right teaching approach. Here are some good options.

In the Aftermath of September 11: Listening, Learning and Teaching
This handy, annotated guide identifies the resources provided by NCSS periodicals in the last year for teaching about September 11 and its effects.

Economics and Ethics
Michael Hartoonian
Businessmen with a single-minded drive for profits often seemed to be heroes in the 1990s, but recent scandals and bankruptcies remind us of the disasters that occur when businesses spurn ethics.

Testy Times for Social Studies
Susie Burroughs
State assessments of social studies have proliferated, and often have high-stakes consequences. This review includes results from a survey by the NCSS Instruction Committee of the perspectives of social studies teachers on the current situation.

Elementary Education

Studying the Community
Dot Schuler
Explorations of the local community can lead to an excellent voyage into knowledge for elementary students.

Teaching with Documents

The War of the Words: Letters to the FCC Regarding Orson Welles’s 1938 Broadcast
Lee Ann Potter
Orson Welles’s famous 1938 broadcast of “The War of the Worlds” incited a mixed response—ranging from terror to delight—from listeners across the country.

A Poet and a Mystic: Jalaluddin Rumi
Carol Tell
This thirteenth-century Persian poet can help students learn about a culture and a history far different from their own. But Rumi’s poetry also points to universal themes, such as love, loss, and the search for meaning in a chaotic age.

Exploring Hispanic Culture through Trade Books
Judy A. Leavell, Barbara Hatcher, Jennifer Battle, and Nancy Ramos-Michail
The authors describe a variety of trade books that present diverse and rich Hispanic cultures, along with teaching tips on how best to use these books in the classroom.

A Poetic Approach to the Social Study of the Americas
Jorge Alegría Alegría, Carlos Muñoz Labraña, and Ron W. Wilhelm
The poetry of such writers as Gabriela Mistral and Pablo Neruda can help motivate and inspire students to learn about the Americas.

Resources for Latin American Cultural Studies
Ron W. Wilhelm
The author provides background materials, journals, and publishers that focus on Latin American history, politics, economics, and geography.

The Carter G. Woodson Book Awards
These annual awards honor books dealing with subjects about U.S. ethnic minorities in a manner suitable for readers at the elementary and secondary levels. This year’s winners include books on Sitting Bull, black women freedom fighters, and jazz.

Poisoning Young Minds in Nazi Germany: Children and Propaganda in the Third Reich
Mary Mills
Nazi propagandists attempted to indoctrinate German children of the Third Reich through the use of disturbing anti-Semitic children’s literature.

Two Different Worlds: The Dilemma Facing Social Studies Teachers
C. Frederick Risinger
Will preparing students for standardized tests also help prepare them for the world of 2015 and beyond?

Point of View

Like It Or Not: Social Educators Must Keep Up with Popular Culture
Jeffrey Passe
We may not like watching NASCAR, Dawson’s Creek , or the latest episode of Survivor , but as social educators, Passe argues, it is our responsibility to know and teach aspects of popular culture.

Conflicts Global and Local: An Elementary Approach
Kathy Bickmore
From warring nations to bickering siblings, conflict is a reality that even elementary-age students experience. Learning about conflict—what it is, what causes it, and how it can be handled—is the focus of this fourth and fifth grade unit.

Improving Economic and Financial Education: A Program for Urban Schools
Mark C. Schug, Robert L. Wynn II, and Tracy J. Posnanski
This Milwaukee program attempts to improve the quality of economic education by teaching urban students the fundamentals of economics.

Teaching with Documents

The 1930 Census
Lee Ann Potter
What did it take to be a census enumerator for the 1930 census? What does a sample census schedule look like? The article examines the 1930 census and includes teaching activities that help students understand the importance of the census to the history of our nation.

Looking at the Law

Minority Religions and Limitations on Religious Freedom
Eric Michael Mazur
America was founded on ideals of religious liberty—but all liberties have limits. The author explores the cases of three minority religions—the Mormons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Native Americans—and their encounters with the American constitutional order.

Teaching with Tech

Ideology and the Web
John K. Lee
The World Wide Web is an excellent source of information for social studies classes, but teachers should be aware of the ideologies, both visible and invisible, that frame particular websites.

To Russia with. . . Technology
Candy Beal
With the help of new technologies and some old-fashioned determination, a social studies educator took thousands of North Carolina sixth graders on a virtual trip to Russia.

Handheld Computing in the Social Studies
Shelli A. Whitworth, Kathleen Owings Swan, and Michael J. Berson
The latest technology hitting social studies classrooms is the handheld computer—a portable device that is less expensive than desktop computers and offers useful capabilities.

Documenting the American South: Thomas H. Jones and the Fugitive Slave Law
Cheryl Mason Bolick
Online research archives are making it easier for students to do in-depth research with primary sources on a historic topic. Here are activities to help students learn how the Fugitive Slave Law affected one man’s life.

Book Review

Inquiry with an E-Book: A Natural Strategy for Social Studies
Michael M. Yell
An e-book on discrepant event inquiry can help teachers hook their students and engage them in higher order thinking skills.

Research and Practice

What Constrains Meaningful Social Studies Teaching?
Catherine Cornbleth
The author describes the restricting climates that make it hard for social studies teachers to teach effectively and for students to learn well. 

In Focus

Bioterror
Ruth Levy Guyer and Jonathan D. Moreno
Since September 11, the fear of a bioterrorist attack has become widespread. The authors look at the roots of bioterrorism, as well as the recent anthrax scare, and suggest ways that teachers can address bioterrorism with their students.

Looking at the Law

In the Wake of September 11: Civil Liberties and Terrorism
Bruce G. Peabody
The conflict between civil liberties and the “war on terrorism” involves three specific issues: the government’s right to eavesdrop on conversations between alleged terrorists and their attorneys, deportation and the “right to be silent,” and military tribunals.

Looking at the Law

Military Tribunals and the War against Terrorism: An Interview with Frank Moran
Seva Johnson
The executive director of the Boston Bar Association and former military judge explains the ins and outs of military tribunals.

The Aftereffects of September 11: What the Polls Tell Us
Kevin Pobst
How have American attitudes changed since September 11—and how have they stayed the same?

Globalization: The Inside Story of Our Interconnected World
Daniel Yergin
A Pulitzer-prize winning author explores the term globalization, how it has changed since the 1990s, and what the future may hold for our global economy.

Teaching with Documents

A Bill to Relieve Certain Legal Disabilities of Women
Lee Ann Potter
After a long struggle, Belva A. Lockwood became the first woman admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court.

Eli Landers: Letters of a Confederate Soldier
Stephanie Wasta and Carolyn Lott
Eli Landers, a young Confederate soldier in the Civil War, wrote poignant letters home to his mother, in which he described the battles he fought in, his fears and dreams, and the suffering he endured and witnessed.

Preserving Civil War Diaries
John Michael Priest
An afterschool program gives students the opportunity to transcribe and edit primary sources from the Civil War.

Unmotivated Students or Unmotivating Teachers?
Jennifer Deng
A student teacher, working with students on the Onondaga Nation Reservation, learned important lessons about how to inspire students.

Cases, Controversy, and the Court

NCSS Notebook

2001 NCSS Presidential Address
Adrian Davis
In today's world, how can we--as social studies educators and as citizens--continue to celebrate and improve on our "American Experiment"?

In Focus

The Women of Afghanistan
Carol Tell
Years of oppression by the Taliban regime have left Afghan women in a tragic situation.

Restoring the Rights of Afghan Women:
An Interview with Nasrine Abou-Bakre Gross
An Afghan American woman and activist talks with Social Education about the role of education, the future of women's rights, and her hopes for Afghanistan.

A Thoughtful Patriotism
Robert Stevens
Through poetry, art, and patriotic speeches, students can deliberate on the true meaning of patriotism and become thoughtful and devoted citizens.

Update on Afghanistan
Steven Lapham
Current news, information, maps, and statistics on the war in Afghanistan.
[PDF version ]

Special Section

Cases, Controversy, and the Court: Teaching about the Supreme Court
Diana Hess and Lee Arbetman
In this special section on the Supreme Court, editors Hess and Arbetman examine how social studies educators can broaden and deepen the ways that they teach about the highest court in the land.

"The Cult of the Robe": The U.S. Supreme Court in the American Mind
Barbara Perry
Although it has received some criticism recently, the U.S. Supreme Court still holds a position of dignity, decorum, and authority in the minds of the American people.

The Rehnquist Court
Erwin Chemerinsky
Since 1986, Chief Justice William Rehnquist has left his mark on the Supreme Court. How has this Court differed from those of earlier years?

Supreme Court Voting Patterns 1994-2001 [PDF version only]
Aaron Epstein
This chart shows how the current Supreme Court justices have voted on major issues, from civil rights to states' rights.

Using Moot Courts in the Classroom
Kathy Bell
Abstract legal principles become real and engaging when students participate in moot courts.

The Road to the Court
Lee Arbetman
When students from a small town in New York wanted their Christian student group to meet on school grounds, they had no idea that their case would make it all the way to the Supreme Court.

The United States Supreme Court and the World Wide Web
Charles F. Williams
Obtaining copies of briefs or arguments of the Supreme Court is relatively easy with the help of the Internet.

Which Cases Should We Teach?
Diana Hess and Anand Marri
Teachers need to teach not just the well-known and well-regarded Supreme Court cases but also "live" cases, whose decisions are still controversial today.

Controversial Dimensions of U.S. Supreme Court Cases
Marshall Croddy
Here are some descriptions of the most controversial Supreme Court cases.

Supreme Court Coverage
Charles Bierbauer
Cameras may not be allowed in the courtroom, but journalists covering the Supreme Court still have work to do, from following cases and reporting on decisions, to giving the public a glimpse into the minds of the justices.

Teaching Brown v. Board of Education
Jennifer Brandsberg-Engelmann
Brown v. Board of Education , which ruled against the segregation of schools, is one of the most widely taught Supreme Court cases today.

Making a Case for the Case Study Method
Maureen McDonnell
Supreme Court case studies can help students learn about significant Supreme Court cases and how to think like lawyers.

Book Review

Reflections in a Time of Crisis

Debating War and Peace in Washington Square Park
Robert Cohen, Diana Turk, and Emily Klein
This sampling of comments posted in Washington Square Park after September 11 shows that, along with sadness and anger, a democratic spirit is alive and well in New York City.


Media Literacy Skills: Interpreting Tragedy
Renee Hobbs
With the onslaught of media coverage about terrorism and war, students must learn to question, analyze, and think critically about the values and perspectives behind media messages.


Following a Tragic Event: A Necessary Challenge for Civic Educators
Laurel R. Singleton
Far from advancing a single perspective about recent events, teachers need to encourage discussion and debate in the classroom.


In War, Is Law Silent? Security and Freedom After September
Ed O’Brien
From airport security to wiretapping to racial profiling, in times of crisis, how do we balance the desire for personal freedom with the need for national security?


Surfing the Web

Teaching about Terrorism, Islam, and Tolerance with the Internet
C. Frederick Risinger
Internet sites exploring such subjects as the Taliban, U.S. foreign policy, the Muslim religion, teaching tolerance, and more.



Civil War in Afghanistan
Gayle Mertz
This lesson plan on the civil war in Afghanistan includes a current map of the region, a brief history of the country, and a description of the warring factions.


Teaching With Documents

1919 Presidential Proclamation to Schoolchildren About the Red Cross
Lee Ann Potter
With the encouragement of President Woodrow Wilson, young people across the United States joined the Junior Red Cross to help with the war effort during World War I. Since then, the Red Cross has motivated youth to serve the community and beyond.


War Crimes: An End in Sight?
Joanne M. Dufour
Will all crimes of war one day be investigated and punished in an international court of law? The author presents background information on the significant war trials of the twentieth century and the development of the idea of an International Criminal Court.


Looking at the Law

Is Federal Power Shrinking or Growing? New Debates on Federalism
John Paul Ryan
The debate over the distribution of power between the federal government and the states continues over such issues as education, environmental policy, and religious freedom.


Student Views of Democracy: The Good and Bad News
Carole L. Hahn
A recent survey indicates how U.S. ninth graders view democracy and citizenship.

Teaching About Tragedy

We Are Living History: Reflections of a New York City Social Studies Teacher
Joan Brodsky Schur
The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, had a profound impact on the nation and the world. A social studies teacher chronicles the events as they happened in her own neighborhood in lower Manhattan.


The Trauma of Terrorism: Helping Children Cope
Ilene R. Berson and Michael J. Berson
In the wake of tragedy, how can we help our students make sense of events, feel safe and protected, and even learn from the experience?


At Risk of Prejudice: Teaching Tolerance about Muslim Americans
Karima Alavi
Common misperceptions about the religion of Islam threaten to distort views of Muslim Americans and their convictions. The author answers questions about the Muslim faith, community, and beliefs.


At Risk of Prejudice:The Arab American Community
Zeina Azzam Seikaly
As Arab Americans face growing resentment from segments of the U.S. population, how can we protect our Arab American students from encountering such prejudice, educate all our students about the Arab American community, and emphasize tolerance over bigotry?


Looking at the Law

Supreme Court Trends
Charles F. Williams
The year 2000 was a significant one for the Supreme Court. Many decisions affected education and children—from tobacco advertising to religion in the schools.


Surfing the Web

Teaching Economics and the Globalization Debate on the World Wide Web
Frederick Risinger
A listing and description of the best websites related to economics education, globalism, world trade, and international economics.


Hyperinflation and the Confederacy: An Interdisciplinary Lesson in Economics and History
Brooke Graham Doyle
The Confederacy’s answer to revenue deficits during the Civil War was to print more money, leading to hyperinflation on an unprecedented scale.


Economists in the School
Angela Breidenstein, Richard Butler, and Nipoli Kamdar
Economic literacy is crucial, but far too often it is not adequately addressed in school curricula. A school-university program in San Antonio, Texas, proves that students of all ages can enjoy learning basic economic concepts.


Solving Problems with Twenty Questions
William D. Edgington
Teachers can use problem solving techniques, such as a version of the game Twenty Questions, to enhance students’ inquiry skills and content knowledge.

Navajo Code Talkers

Teaching with Documents

The Navajo Code Talkers: A Secret World War II Memorandum
Adam Jevec and Lee Ann Potter
During World War II, when military secrecy was a top priority, the U.S. Marine Corps enlisted Navajos to send and receive codes in their native language. These Navajo code talkers provided an essential line of radio communication that was versatile, secure, and error-free.


Latina Women Speak: Using Oral Histories in the Social Studies Curriculum
Grace C. Huerta and Leslie A. Flemmer
Oral histories can be useful tools for students to learn about complex social issues. This oral history model, detailing the lives of three Latin American women, shows how Latinas confronted ethnic, gender, and religious discrimination.


Elementary Education

A Picture’s Worth: Analyzing Historical Photographs in the Elementary Grades
Keith C. Barton
Elementary teachers can use historical photographs in the classroom to engage young students in authentic historical inquiry. Students’ critical skills develop beyond mere observation as they consider what life was like when the photographs were taken.


Asking the BIG Questions: Teaching about the Great Irish Famine and World History
Alan Singer, Maureen Murphy, and Maureen McCann Miletta
An examination of the nineteenth-century Irish potato famine shows how teachers can explore big questions and challenge students to relate historical events to broader contexts and contemporary concerns.


Conflict Resolution in History: The War with Mexico as a Case Study
Arlene L. Gardner and John Chambers
By applying conflict resolution strategies to such events as the Mexican-American War, students grapple with difficult historical disputes, learn mediation and negotiation skills, and gain a deeper understanding of the costs, complexities, and consequences of conflict.


Surfing the Web

Teaching Elementary and Secondary History Using the Internet
C. Frederick Risinger
Historical resources can make a social studies classroom come alive. Here are some comprehensive and useful websites for history teachers at all grade levels.

Eugenics Past and Present: Remembering Buck v. Bell
Michael J. Berson and Bárbara C. Cruz
The seventy-fifth anniversary of the Buck v. Bell case is an appropriate time for students to explore the ethical questions underlying eugenics principles, policies, and practices—from Nazi Germany’s sterilization laws to the Human Genome Project.


Book Review

Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts by Sam Wineburg
Elizabeth Yeager
Historical thinking, the author tells us, is a stimulating, engaging process but requires skills that do not come to us automatically. Wineburg’s book investigates how both students and teachers make historical meaning and situate themselves within the broader scope of history.


Point of View

Addressing the “Null Curriculum”: Teaching about Genocides Other than the Holocaust
Samuel Totten
Many U. S. schools teach about the Holocaust—but sometimes at the expense of teaching about other genocides. Students need to learn about other genocides, such as those that occurred in Armenia, Rwanda, and Bosnia, to understand that the Holocaust was not a mere aberration of history.


Point of View

The NCSS Standards: A Response to Anna Ochoa-Becker
Susan Adler
Do the NCSS Standards run the risk of promoting conformity and uniformity in the teaching of social studies? Adler addresses the critique.


NCSS Position Statement
Creating Effective Citizens


National History Day
Michael Simpson and Steven S. Lapham
National History Day is a unique opportunity for middle and high school students to engage in high-level history projects and share their talents.

Poetry and Politics in the Time of Stalin

"Enemies of the People": Poetry and Politics in the Time of Stalin
David Morse
The Stalin Purges of the 1930s affected all sectors of Soviet society, but none more deeply than writers and other members of the Russian intelligentsia. At stake was the role of literature in society and how any form of free thought could survive when the aim of the State was, in the words of writer Nadezhda Mandelshtam, “to destroy not only people, but the intellect itself.”


Making a Difference - One Village at a Time: The Peace Corps Partnership Program
James G. Miller, Jr.
Through partnerships with Peace Corps volunteers, students at Corcoran High School and adjacent Roberts Elementary School in Syracuse, New York, have helped build six primary schools, a village well, two maternity wards, a medicinal herb garden, a community health center, and a school for the blind, among other projects, in various nations around the world. This article explains how your school can become involved in this form of service-learning.


The Carter G. Woodson Book Awards 2000
These annual awards honor books that deal with subjects relating to U.S. ethnic minorities in a manner suitable for readers at the elementary and secondary levels. This year’s highest awards go to Sharon Linnéa for Princess Ka‘iulani: Hope of a Nation, Heart of a People at the secondary level, and to Ruby Bridges for Through My Eyes at the elementary level.


Graphic Representations as Tools for Decision Making
Judith Howard
The ability to make good decisions is a fundamental skill needed by citizens of a democracy. The tools described here can help students sharpen their analytical and decision-making skills though graphic representation of the weight or force of alternative choices and their possible consequences.


Teaching Middle School Social Studies: Who Is at Risk?
Sherry L. Field, Ron Wilhelm, Pat Nickell, John Culligan,
and Jan Sparks
“Turning Points,” a Carnegie report of 1989, drew attention to the unique aspects of the middle school years and what this implied for teaching and learning during these years. This article explores the methods used by two experienced middle school teachers to engage adolescent learners—both those designated as “at risk,” and the larger number who may be at risk but whose needs receive no special recognition.


Elementary Education

Building a Community in Our Classroom: The Story of Bat Town, U.S.A.
Andrea McGann Keech
As the passing of time and the changing of the landscape became familiar concepts to them, children in one third-fourth grade combination class used their growing knowledge of their town’s past as the starting point for creating a model community of their own.


Dateline

Building Bridges: Miami "Ambassadors" Visit Russia
Toni Fuss Kirkwood
Three young adults look backward to reflect on what they gained from a cross-cultural exchange between Russian and American high schools students in 1996. The students—all minority group members with some experience of racial discrimination at home—recall how little race figured as an “issue” among their Russian counterparts, and how much they needed to overcome their own stereotypes of the Russian people.


NCSS Position Statement
Service-Learning: An Essential Component of Citizenship Education


Book Review
For Mortal Stakes by Paul F. Cummins and Anna K. Cummins
Arthur R. Poskocil
The authors view childhood as “an end in itself, a time of innocent celebration of life,” and the real goals of education as supporting children’s natural “passion, joy, and engagement” in learning. Schools that recognize no mission beyond the child’s cognitive development will, say the authors, fail to reach even this unrealistically circumscribed goal.


NCSS Notebook
The 44th Annual Meeting of the NCSS House of Delegates

History Matters: The U.S. Survey Course on the Web
Kelly Schrum and Roy Rosenzweig
Teachers do not always have the time to screen Internet information for its quality or relevancy. The History Matters website serves as a gateway to more than four hundred prescreened, quality websites, while also offering a variety of other activities and services.


A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust: An Online Resource
Anne E. Barron and Roy Winkelman
In 1994, Florida adopted a law mandating Holocaust education. A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust was designed to help prepare Florida teachers to teach this sensitive subject. Now the site has grown into a useful resource for teachers nationwide.


WebQuest: Using Internet Resources for Cooperative Inquiry
Andrew J. Milson and Portia Downey
The authors define a WebQuest as an “inquiry-oriented activity in which most or all of the information used by learners is drawn from the Internet.” This approach offers access to online primary sources and a structure for evaluating these sources, all the while increasing student participation and cooperation.


With a Little Help From Our Friends: Implementing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in K-12 Schools
Daniel P. Donaldson
From classrooms across the country to the television series “The District,” GIS is gaining the attention of those who seek to better the quality of education through technology. The author explores the question, “To what degree are schools ready to implement GIS?”, basing his conclusions on two recent surveys of educators.


Enhancing Social Science Education through Tele-Collaborative Teaching and Learning
Stephanie W. Karran, Michael J. Berson, and Cheryl L. Mason
The Internet has not lived up to the expectations of many educators, who envisioned it as the answer to their collaborative tele-learning needs. Enter Internet2, a broadband, fiber-optic network able to provide the quality-of-service guarantees necessary for tele-education.


Surfing the Net

Casting a Wider “Net”: Web Tools for Social Studies Teachers
C. Frederick Risinger
The author encourages social studies teachers to make use of the Internet as a resource not only for social studies-related sites, but for useful (and fun) teaching tools as well.


Charts and Graphs in Japanese Elementary School Social Studies Textbooks
Gary DeCoker and Erica Erickson
The ability to interpret charts and graphs is an important skill, yet one relatively overlooked by U.S. elementary social studies textbooks. Hoping to provide a model for change, this article examines the widespread use of charts and graphs in Japanese elementary textbooks.


Point of View

A Critique of the NCSS Curriculum Standards
Anna S. Ochoa-Becker
“The setting of standards by a national organization may contribute to conformity and uniformity in its implicit assumption that one set of standards fits all schools.” The author calls for a revision of the NCSS Curriculum Standards, outlining her reasons for doing so, and inviting others to join in the debate.


Census Watch

Results of the Census of
The U.S. Bureau of the Census has begun to publish the results of the Census of 2000. Here is some early information about population totals.

Observing the First World Refugee Day: June 20, 2001
—United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Refugees are people who have been uprooted from their homes and cannot return because of a “well-founded fear” of persecution. Because of the growing magnitude of this problem, the UN General Assembly has designated June 20, 2001, as the first World Refugee Day.


Global Warming and Ozone Layer Depletion: STS Issues for Social Studies Classrooms
—James A. Rye, Donna D. Strong, and Peter A. Rubba
Global warming and ozone layer depletion—two different problems that require public understanding to arrive at solutions—exemplify the kind of meaningful issues that await when social studies teachers bring Science-Technology-Society (STS) issues into the classroom.


Environmental Awareness and Environmental Education in Myanmar
—Hla Hla Win
Myanmar faces the common dilemma of developing countries that seek to balance natural preservation with economic development to meet people’s needs. The new attention to environmental education is one path toward achieving sustainable development in Myanmar.


Russia: The State of Education at the Turn of the Century
—Jana Sackman Eaton
Russia’s educational system is undergoing significant changes spurred by the move toward democracy and a free-market economy. But the transition itself poses challenges to a system that depends more than ever on the energy, talent, and dedication of Russia’s teachers.


Research & Practice
What Can Be Done to Encourage Civic Engagement in Youth?
—Carole L. Hahn
Based on a ten-year study of citizenship education in five countries, the author posits that the best way to encourage civic engagement in youth is to encourage the open and civil discussion of controversial issues in the classroom.


Classroom Discussion: Models for Leading Seminars and Deliberations
—Walter C. Parker

“Leading discussions well is one of the ‘great difficult things’ in teaching, as anyone knows who has tried it and is honest about the results.” The author reports on two teachers who use varying forms of discussion—seminar and deliberation—to stimulate critical thinking among secondary students.


Teaching with Documents
Letter from House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford to President Richard M. Nixon
—Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel
When Vice President Spiro T. Agnew was forced to resign from office, President Nixon was faced with the historical “first” of putting to use the new Twenty-fifth Amendment. This article features one of the many letters the president received about whom he should nominate for vice president.


A Profile of Elementary Social Studies Teachers and Their Classrooms
—Mary E. Haas and Margaret A. Laughlin
Elementary teachers want to provide meaningful social studies instruction, but may be thwarted by their perception that social studies is not viewed as an important content area in elementary schools. This is one of many observations in this profile of NCSS members who teach at the elementary level.


Book Review
Teach Me: Kids Will Learn When Oppression is the Lesson
by Murray Burton Levin
Reviewed by Joe Auciello
Retired professor Murray Levin’s efforts to teach black and Latino students in an alternative school in Boston led him to conclude that expecting public schools to solve all the problems of disadvantaged students “reversed the natural order. When the economy begins to serve true human needs, the schools will produce responsible and engaged human beings.”

President’s Address
Creating Public Spaces in the Social Studies Classroom
Susan Adler
Democracy means more than the promotion and protection of individual rights; it requires an active commitment to the common good and a willingness to work with others to achieve it. Our schools have a vital role to play in this process.


Prospects for the Electoral College after Election
Jennifer Truran Rothwell
For the first time in more than a century, the United States experienced a presidential election in which the popular and electoral college votes diverged. Should the electoral college be abolished, reformed, or kept as it is? There is no lack of opinions on this thorny subject.


Teaching with Documents

The 1963 March on Washington
Natalie Lloyd, Wynell Schamel, and Lee Ann Potter
Planners of the 1963 March on Washington hoped it would unify the Civil Rights Movement and influence President John F. Kennedy to energetically support its goals. Their hopes were best expressed in the historic “I Have a Dream” speech that Martin Luther King delivered at the Lincoln Memorial.


Frederic Remington’s Image of the Frontier
Robert L. Stevens
Even as the Western frontier was disappearing in the 1880s, Eastern illustrator Frederic Remington was conjuring up an image of it that found wide popularity among the urban public. More myth than reality, Remington’s works helped to obscure the real nature of the struggle between white settlers and American Indians over land in the West.


Elementary Education

Hard Times and New Deals: Teaching Fifth Graders about the Great Depression
Gary Fertig
The study unit on the Great Depression described here makes use of recent findings about how children develop historical understandings. The unit includes a simulation on the stock market crash of 1929, a letter-writing activity based on study of letters real children wrote to Mrs.
Roosevelt, and the creation and performance of historical scenarios involving Depression-era characters.


Doing REAL History: Citing Your Mother in Your Research Paper
Andrea S. Libresco
When a student from El Salvador told how he had once seen his fourth grade teacher shot in front of him, attitudes toward immigration among his American classmates began to take on more shades of gray. Exploring immigration through an extensive oral history project made history more real to the high school students in this teacher’s classroom.


Treasures in Waiting at NARA Presidential Libraries and Regional Records Centers
Lee Weber
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) has a wealth of historical materials available at and from its ten presidential libraries and sixteen regional records centers. So far, educators have not been taking full advantage of the vast resources of this government agency.


Empathizing with the Many Voices of Our Past: Two Teachers Help Their Students Connect with United States History
Elaine Metherall Brenneman
The common goal of the teachers described in this article is to connect students to contemporary social concerns through the development of historical empathy. By inviting students into the mixture of voices that have talked about social issues over time, these teachers hope their students will become part of the ongoing conversation about our nation’s history.


Research into Practice

What Can Forrest Gump Tell Us about Students’ Historical Understanding?
Sam Wineburg, Susan Mosborg, and Dan Porat
Children gain impressions of our history from a wide variety of sources in school and out, but “the notion that all these sources form a coherent whole mocks the complexity of social life.” The authors suggest that “by investigating the history students bring with them to school, we can consider anew the role of the classroom.”


Uncovering Pompeii: Examining Evidence
Michael M. Yell
The lesson offered here makes use of a teaching strategy called “interactive presentation” to bring the life and times of ancient Pompeii into today’s middle school classrooms.

Environmental Politics and the Endangered Species Act

Environmental Politics and the Endangered Species Act
David Sahr
It is questionable whether Congress understood the scope of the Endangered Species Act it passed in 1973. Teachers looking for a legal case study might well choose this act to exmplify how science and politics may collide.

Bioethics Cases and Issues: Enrichment for Social Science, Humanities, and Science Courses
Ruth Levy Guyer, Mary Lou Dillon, Linda Anderson, and Lola Szobota
Case studies in bioethics can enrich high school classes across the curriculum and help prepare students for the complex questions and dilemmas that new medical technologies pose for society.

Looking at the Law

Privacy, Individual Liberty, and the Public Interest
John Paul Ryan
Privacy is not an absolute value, but one that must be balanced against other needs of society. This article reports on a discussion in cyberspace among six scholars whose disciplines relate to questions of privacy.

Protecting Academic Freedom in the 21st Century
William J. Stegmayer
What would , and what should , your school do in situations where a teacher’s academic freedom comes under question? Three case studies provide the basis for thinking about this vital issue.

Colonizing Our Future: The Commercial Transformation of America’s Schools
Alex Molnar
Modern mass marketing is increasingly being applied to children in school as well as out. But, argues the author, “The fundamental difference between marketers and teachers distorts teaching as surely as a funhouse mirror distorts the image of anyone who looks into it.”

Teaching with Documents

Truman’s Firing of General Douglas MacArthur during the Korean War
Amy Patterson, Wynell Schamel, and Lee Ann Potter
The collision of wills between two commanders in chief—President Harry Truman and General Douglas MacArthur—resulted in one of the most important demonstrations of the civilian control of the military called for by the Constitution in U.S. history.

Other-Wise: The Case for Understanding Other Cultures in aUnipolar World
Leon E. Clark
We should all embrace “migration of our minds” to other cultures, not only to better understand the ways of “others,” but also to better know ourselves.

Surfing the Net

Teaching Social Issues Using the Internet
C. Frederick Risinger
Teaching about controversial issues should not be confined to U.S. government or problems-oriented courses, but can be undertaken throughout the social studies curriculum.

Book Reviews

I Will Bear Witness: A Diary of the Nazi Years, 1933-1941 and
I Will Bear Witness: A Diary of the Nazi Years, 1942-1945
by Victor Klemperer
Samuel Totten
Slowly but inexorably, these diaries of a German Jew draw the reader into the claustrophobic, increasingly threatening, and all-pervasive fear that the Nazi terror had on each and every Jew living in Germany.

Victory at Home and Abroad: The Tuskegee Airmen Research Project and Seminar
John Adelmann
Sometimes it is difficult to get students to put pen to paper, but these students were so enthusiastic about their project on the Tuskegee Airmen that they wrote and published a book.

Special Section: Teaching Social Studies in Challenging Settings

Guest Editor: Elizabeth Anne Yeager

 Thoughts on Wise Practice in the Teaching of Social Studies
Elizabeth Anne Yeager
Much has been written to describe bad teaching practices, but we need to do more to understand the characteristics of good ones.

The Geography of Connection: Bringing the World to Students
Mary S. Black
The techniques described here make it easier to teach about foreign places and cultures.

California Dreams in Southeast Baltimore: Using Technology in a Challenging School Setting
Timothy D. Slekar
Rap lyrics were the starting point for a project that involved these students in the cause of urban renewal.

Transforming the Spirit of Teaching through Wise Practice
Karen Lea Riley, Elizabeth K. Wilson and Terry Fogg
A student-centered approach and imaginative class activities characterize the constructivist-influenced teaching described in this article.

On Display: Preservice Teachers in the Museum
Linda H. Cox and Jill H. Barrow
Museums are much more than destinations for an annual field trip, and it is important to learn how to use them better.

“Dismantling the Wall, One Brick at a Time”: Overcoming Barriers to Parochialism in Social Studies Classrooms
Stuart J. Foster and John D. Hoge
In homogeneous communities, teachers can play a vital role in opening student’s eyes to the rich diversity of the world outside.

Writing about Immigration: Authentic Assessment for U.S. History Students
Patricia G. Avery, Dana Carmichael-Tanaka, Jennifer Kunze, and Nonie Petersen Kouneski
This unit made many students more aware of the experiences of their immigrant peers—and, looking back, of their own family histories.

Election 2000: The Keys Point to Gore
Allan J. Lichtman
According to this prediction system with a highly successful track record, Al Gore is likely to be the victor in this year’s presidential election, regardless of how well he or George W. Bush organize their campaigns.

Instructional Technology

The E-Citizen
John K. Lee
The Internet has already begun to change the opportunities citizens have to participate in politics.

Looking at the Law

U.S. Supreme Court Trends
Charles F. Williams
Many decisions made by the Supreme Court last year had 5-4 majorities—a number that politicians in this election year view with keen interest

Book Review

We the Students: Supreme Court Cases for and about Students
by Jamin B. Raskin, reviewed by Jennifer Brandsberg-Engelmann
At a time when schools are testing grounds for constitutional tenets, this collection of cases identifies landmark decisions that have affected public school students.

Presidential Elections in the Age of Television
Jennifer Truran Rothwell
Television, as both news medium and commercial venture, has exerted a profound influence on American elections since its entry into the political arena in the late 1940s.

Presidential Character in Election 2000
James J. Lopach and Jean A. Luckowski
This year’s presidential election may be more heavily influenced than usual by questions of character. What makes up the "character" of a candidate for the highest office in the land?

Selecting Presidential Nominees: The Evolution of the Current System and Prospects for Reform
Scott Piroth
Critics argue that the process by which we choose our presidents is too long, too costly, and too divisive—making it hard for presidents to govern. How did we get to the current system? And what might improve it?

Teaching with Documents
Documents Related to the Disputed General Election of 1876
Wynell Schamel, Lee Ann Potter, and Katherine Snodgrass
The presidential contest between Tilden and Hayes in 1876 put the electoral college system to the test and was only resolved by a political compromise that brought an end to Reconstruction.

Developing Strong Voters through Democratic Deliberation
Diana Hess
The careful deliberation of political issues in the classroom can help form citizens with a strong commitment to voting.

Elementary Education

How Fishing in Costa Rica Landed a Voter Education Project in America
Jay L. Cravath and Thomas M. McGowan
The model for Kids Voting USA, a civics education program that involves students in voting alongside their parents at the polls, originated with a school curriculum developed in Costa Rica.

Elementary Civics and the Election Year: Exercises on the Web
Linda B. Bennett
Two Internet-based projects help young students become engaged in the presidential election.

Surfing the Net
Democracy.gov? Thomas Jefferson, the Internet, and the Future of American Democracy
C. Frederick Risinger
Is the foundation of U.S. democracy shifting from a Madisonian to a Jeffersonian model? And, if so, is it good for democracy?

The Constitutional Struggle for Voting Rights in Washington, D.C.
Rebecca Kingsley and Jamin B. Raskin
The struggle of D.C. residents for equal voting rights has taken several forms, from seeking a constitutional amendment, to proposing a D.C. statehood bill in Congress, to the recent attempt to use the courts to attain the goal of one person-one vote.

Teaching with Cartoons

Looking at Elections through the Cartoonist’s Eye
Wm. Ray Heitzman
Although students often like political cartoons, many have trouble understanding them. The author proposes a step-by-step approach to help students develop the analytical skills needed to interpret cartoons.

Looking at the Law

Balancing Campaign Finance Reform Against the First Amendment
Elizabeth M. Yang
The rationale for campaign finance reform—preventing corruption or even the appearance of corruption in the electoral process—must be balanced against the constitutional rights protected by the First Amendment.

Presidential Debates: Not a Spectator Sport
These activities designed to help students analyze presidential debates are part of a curriculum produced by the Commission on Presidential Debates in collaboration with Kids Voting USA.

In Our Own Backyard: An Interview on Elian Gonzalez’s Stay in Washington, D.C., with YFU’s Sally Grooms Cowal
When Elian Gonzalez and his family came to stay on the Youth for Understanding property in Washington last spring, NCSS staff members became witnesses to a slice of history in the making.

Remembering "Tomorrow"

"Dreams that You Dare to Dream”:
Hopes and Ironies of the New York World’s Fair, 1939-1940
Jared A. Fogel and Robert L. Stevens
A belief in the ability of technology to produce a better world for all was the optimistic theme of the New York World’s Fair; but the bubble was burst as Germany’s invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched the second total war of the 20th century.

Looking at the Law

Law and Pop Culture:
Teaching and Learning about Law Using Images from Popular Culture
Paul R Joseph
One way to teach about law is by comparing reality with the images seen in popular culture. Popular treatments of the law can, at best, encapsulate important legal issues; at worst, they still may offer a valuable exercise in critical thinking.

Lies, Damned Lies, and History:
An Interview with James Loewen
David Hicks
James Loewen, chronicler of lies told in U.S. history textbooks and across the American landscape, believes the study of historical causation is the central skill necessary for the intelligent exercise of citizenship.

Mixing It Up:
A Multilevel Book Room and Flexible Literature Circles
Andi Stix
When New York City recently mandated that middle school students should read 25 books a year, social studies teachers at one school responded by creating a multilevel book room that has proved both useful and popular with students.

The 1999 Carter G. Woodson Book Awards
Top honors in this year’s awards for books depicting ethnicity and race relations in the United States go to Rinna Evelyn Wolfe for Edmonia Lewis: Wildfire in Marble (secondary level) and John Duggleby for Story Painter: The Life of Jacob Lawrence (elementary level).

Violent Kids:
Can We Solve the Problem?
Michael deCourcy Hinds
American teenagers are the most violent when compared with their counterparts in other developed nations. This article looks at three possible causes of youth violence and the remedies proposed to solve them.

Elementary Education

Teaching Students with Mild Disabilities in Elementary Social Studies
Howard E. Taylor and Susan M. Larson
Public policy mandates that special education students be mainstreamed into regular classes. Teachers at all levels—but especially where mainstreaming most commonly occurs—need better preparation for helping these students to succeed academically.

Teaching with Documents

Telegram from Ho Chi Minh to Harry S. Truman
Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel
The friendly relations that existed between American officials and the Viet Minh during World War II were not destined to survive the curtain descending between East and West in the early postwar years.

Book Review

Bringing History Home:
Local and Family History Projects for Grades K-6
Mary E. Haas
The reviewer finds this book, by M. Gail Hickey, “as practical and comprehensive a guide for teaching local history at the K-6 level as I have seen.”
 

Reconstructing a School's Past Using Oral Histories and GIS Mapping
Marsha Alibrandi, Candy Beal, Ann Thompson, and Anna Wilson
Uncovering the "invisible" history of their school--once the only black public high school in Raleigh, North Carolina--taught students at Ligon Middle School both new skills and old truths about their community.

Learning and Teaching with Interactive Simulations
John Zola and Andri Ioannidou
Building interactive simulations of past events is not just for the computer-savvy, but can enrich the historical understanding of all students.

Amy Wallace: Information Age Teacher
Howard Mehlinger
A retiring sixth grade teacher reflects on the profound changes technology made in her teaching as she says goodbye to the classroom in the year 2015.

Surfing the Net
Social Studies Portals: More than Just a Web Page
C. Frederick Risinger
In addition to having excellent home pages, some schools are doing an outstanding job of connecting their students to the best of the Web.

Virtual Field Trips and Newsrooms: Integrating Technology into the Classroom
Elizabeth Wilson
A voyage through time on the Internet can whet students’ interest in historic places and events.

Teaching What Matters: Great Videos on the Common Good
Gloria Alter
The use of the right videos can make classes on the common good come to life.

Software Reviews
GIS Programs: Geography Tools for Teachers and Students
Joseph Braun, Jr. and Corsandra Stallworth
The authors examine two new programs involving the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to teach the five themes of geography.

Diminishing the Complexity and Horror of the Holocaust: Using Simulations in an Attempt to Convey Historical Experiences
Samuel Totten
Using simulations to teach about the Holocaust may leave students with only a thin grasp of both its complex causes and its horrific effects. Why not let the victims and survivors speak for themselves?

Looking at the Law
The Legal Struggles to Gain Americans the Right to Vote
Samia J. Amamoo
The right to vote was hard won, but many citizens do not use it. Could more referendums and ballot initiatives reinvigorate our democracy?

Caribbean Crucible: History, Culture, and Globalization
Kevin A. Yelvington
The Caribbean may be seen as one point of origin in the modern system of globalization; understanding this means considering not only the Caribbean’s role in the world, but the world’s role in the Caribbean.

Caribbean Politics: A Matter of Diversity
Paul Sutton
The Caribbean is an area of immense political diversity. This, coupled with the physical insularity of its nations and territories, makes it difficult to define common interests and achieve common goals.

Teaching Ideas
Mapping the Caribbean Region
Pedro R. Bermúdez and Bárbara C. Cruz
This lesson asks students to make mental maps of the Caribbean as a starting point for developing their understanding of the physical and cultural geography of the region.

Cuba: Background to a Revolution
Alejandro de la Fuente
Despite forty years of Soviet-style socialism, the fate of Cuba—both its future promise and the formidable obstacles facing it—remains linked with that of the surrounding island nations.

The Marginalization of Jamaican Immigrants of Color in the United States: An Interview
Toni Fuss Kirkwood
Jamaican immigrants of color face complex issues, rooted in both their own and American history, in their attempts to assimilate to life in the United States.

Women’s Voices from the Caribbean: An Annotated Bibliography
Jason O’Brien
The experiences and concerns expressed by Caribbean women authors are fertile ground for broadening students’ perspectives on the complex nature of Caribbean cultures.

The Caribbean Online: Exploration through Internet Resources
Michael J. Berson
This list of websites offers a variety of perspectives on the Caribbean, including those of organizations that promote awareness and/or support development of the region.

Resources for Teaching about the Caribbean
Toni Fuss Kirkwood
This article highlights some of the excellent resources and organizations that can aid educators in teaching about the Caribbean.

Teaching with Documents
Legacy of Health: Documentary Photographs of the Panama Canal Construction
Wynell Schamel and Lee Ann Potter. Guest Editor: Jean M. West
The success of public health efforts against yellow fever and malaria may be the most lasting benefit of the U.S. enterprise in Panama.

Acculturation and Immigrant Children: Implications for Educators
Beth Kurtz-Costes and Elizabeth P. Pungello
Immigrant children in the classroom pose both challenge and opportunity for teachers. The authors present five recommendations aimed at fostering multiculturalism in our nation’s schools.

 Book Reviews
A Passion for the Past—Creative Teaching of U.S. History by James A. Percoco
Murry R. Nelson
This book conveys the excitement one teacher experiences in taking his students beyond the textbook and the classroom in pursuit of historical truth.

Lies Across America: What Our Historic Sites Get Wrong by James W. Loewen
George T. Swain
Loewen takes pen in hand to correct more errors in U.S. history-telling; his subject this time is the stories conveyed by historic sites throughout the American landscape.

President’s Address
Social Studies Education: A Challenge, A Choice, and a Commitment
Richard Theisen
It can be hard for teachers producing "900 shows a year" to stop and ask "why?" do a lesson in this way rather than another. But the involvement of teachers in considering the large questions about the social studies is vital to our role in training future citizens.

Challenges to the Common Good in the Age of Globalism
Benjamin R. Barber
The idea of the common good that underlies our democracy is under challenge from globalization and the forces that flow from it. These include the privatization of public power, the commercialization of what is privatized, and the infantilization of citizens—viewed solely in their role as consumers—around the world.

The Filmmaker as Humanist: An Interview with Tim Robbins on the Making of Cradle Will Rock
Terrence C. Mason
The role of the artist as social critic is examined in an interview with filmmaker Tim Robbins that centers on his new film about a WPA theater production cancelled presumably on political grounds late in the New Deal era.

Special Section

Preface: Footsteps of a New Millennium
H. Michael Hartoonian and Richard Van Scotter
The essays presented here examine how our contemporary conditions are connected to the past, and pose questions about what we must do to achieve a more sane and just society in the future.

Students at the Millennium
John Driscoll
This is an unsettled time in which to be coming of age; helping students to obtain clarity of vision about our republic and what constitutes the role of citizen is the best we can offer as social studies teachers.

The Changing Face of Knowledge
Simon Hooper and Brad Hokanson
How we can make the most intelligent use of the computer technology becoming ubiquitous in our schools depends on our understanding of how learning occurs and what current research teaches us.

Navigating a New Information Landscape
Charlie Fitzpatrick
The new information landscape presents a dual challenge to educators: students must be taught the traditional skills needed to evaluate information critically, while teachers must become more comfortable with the computer and Internet as tools of learning.

The Real Business of America: Ethics and New Economic Realities
H. Michael Hartoonian and Richard Van Scotter
The current tension between democracy and capitalism can best be resolved if we understand the individual not merely as "economic man," and "wealth" not primarily as the accretion of material objects.

Roundtable
Where have we come from and where are we going? The various perspectives about major issues for the next century offered here are drawn from both older and younger Americans.

Changing Family Forms
M. Therese Seibert and Marion C. Willetts
While family forms have changed greatly over the past century, institutional and cultural adjustments to these changes have been slower in coming—making family issues the subject of an intense debate that shows no signs of flagging as we enter the new millennium.

Citizenship: The Democratic Imagination in a Global Context
John J. Cogan, David Grossman, and Mei-hui Lei
If global forces are to increasingly shape the world, then what kind of citizen is needed to function in global society? This article views citizenship as having four dimensions—personal, social, spatial, and temporal and discusses ways for teaching the concept of multidimensional citizenship.

Point of View

Civic Organizing and the Renewal of Public Education
Tony Massengale and Peg Michels
Our major institutions need to offer more support to those who seek to practice good citizenship.

Looking at the Law

School Voucher Plans Raise Key Church-State Issues
Charles White and Charles F. Williams
This article looks at the issue of tax-funded school voucher programs through the prism of the constitutional question it raises involving the "wall of separation" between church and state.

Mulling Over the Millennium

Charles Cross and William Hewitt

Is the end of the millennium and the 20th century a "defining moment" in history? What can we learn from looking backward and forward in time?

Teaching With Documents

The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii

Wynell Schamel and Charles E. Schamel

The U. S. annexation of Hawaii in 1898 was a paradox of democracy, using the trappings of democratic forms to circumvent the wishes of the Hawaiian people.

Culture Shock: Using Art and Art Controversy to Teach History

Robert McBride, Jr.

Students’ access to art is greater than at any time in history, making it all the more imperative to confront honestly the kinds of questions art may raise about the prevailing notions of society.

Understanding Political Polls: A Key Citizenship Skill for the 21st Century

Kevin Pobst

Most campaign polling firms are as invisible to the public as the caterer at an election victory party; how not to swallow bad findings is an important skill of citizenship learning.

The Keys to Election 2000

Allan J. Lichtman

The prediction model outlined here is based on thirteen key questions stated as propositions favoring the reelection of the incumbent party. The outcome of the presidential election may hinge on whether there is a serious contest for the Democratic Party nomination.

The IEA Civic Education Study: National and International Perspectives

Carole L. Hahn and Judith Torney-Purta

This study of civic education across national boundaries is uncovering many commonalities, including a common core of content, a widely perceived gap between democratic goals and societal realities, and a concern everywhere about diversity and what direction to take in teaching about it.

Point of View

The Turn of the Millennium

Robert Cohen and Diana Turk

As the new millennium dawns, Americans might do well to temper the current spirit of triumphalism with a hard look at our failure to correct serious inequities within or own society or to honestly examine the implications of our actions on the world stage.

The U.S. Census: America’s Reflecting Pool

Jennifer Truran Rothwell

Looking at the 21 decennial censuses taken from 1790 to the upcoming Census 2000 can help students understand the fundamental importance of the U. S. census and its relationship to trends and issues in our history.

Census 2000: Trends and Issues in Counting the People

Nancy P. Gallavan

The importance of obtaining a complete count of the population—and the barriers to doing so—are emphasized in this article on Census 2000.

Census 2000 and Service Learning

Kathleen Kennedy Townsend

Students can learn much about our democracy and their own communities by volunteering to help with Census 2000.

Looking at the Law

The American Trial Jury: Current Issues and Controversies

John Paul Ryan

The trial jury, a venerable institution of democracy and citizen participation, is nevertheless not without its controversies. This article looks at problems and progress in the U. S. jury system. An accompanying article by Hannah Leitermann on "The Citizen’s Jury" traces the history of the trial jury in English and American jurisprudence.

1999 Social Education Index

Authentic Assessment in Social Studies

Multiple Choice to Multiple Rubrics: One Teacher’s Journey in Assessment

Michael M. Yell

As the author’s teaching progressed, he realized that his assessment practices needed to change too.

Stop Misusing Tests to Evaluate Teachers

Monty Neill

The Executive Director of Fairtest points out the difference between holding teachers responsible and scapegoating them for test scores that are beyond their control.

The Changing Nature and Purpose of Assessment in the Social Studies Classroom

Janet Alleman and Jere Brophy

As educational reform forces a new look at social studies testing, here are some important guidelines for planning assessments.

A Teacher’s Reflections on Teaching and Assessing in a Standards-based Classroom

Jody Smothers Marcello

Imaginative class assignments can make assessment a better experience for both teachers and students.

Opening Assessment to our Students

Diane Hart

Teaching students to assess themselves well may be one of the best things a teacher can do.

Evaluating Students in a Course on Social Advocacy

Barbara L. Wysocki

The right evaluation strategies can ensure that service learning develops students’ intellectual understanding and personal growth.

Observation as an Assessment Tool

Pat Nickell and Angene Wilson

Observing an active classroom is a challenge, but these tips can help.

The Issue of Subjectivity in Authentic Social Studies Assessment

Pat Nickell

Although the risk of subjectivity is inherent in authentic assessment, there are sound ways of reducing it.

Can Statewide Assessments Help Reform the Social Studies Curriculum?

Bruce Brousseau

In a situation where "what gets tested is what gets taught," social studies educators in Michigan faced the challenge of developing high-quality assessments tied to state standards.

Breaking New Ground: The Comprehensive Social Studies Assessment Project

Fred Czarra

This major consortium effort involving 23 states seeks to develop assessments that reflect high-level thinking processes.

The Maryland Experience in Standards-Based Assessment

Marcie Taylor-Thoma

A state website can be an excellent means of disseminating information about tests and honing the assessment skills of teachers.

Research

Authentic Assessment and Instruction

Patricia G. Avery

Authentic assessment only works properly when it is supported by authentic teaching.

Theme-Based Portfolio Assessment in Social Studies Teacher Education

Andrew J. Milson and Sarah M. Brantley

If students develop their own portfolios in teacher education programs, they are more likely to practice portfolio assessment when they become teachers.

Social Studies Assessment: The Role of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards

Ronald G. Helms

Here are some answers to questions often asked about the certification of social studies teachers by NBPTS.

A Quest for Knowledge

Mary Teague Mason, Cindy Linzell, Janis Laybourn and Shelley McElwee

Teachers who participate in the Internet-based Quests of Dan Buettner show how the right assessment practices help convert student enthusiasm into an understanding of other cultures.

Looking at the Law

U.S. Supreme Court Trends

Charles F. Williams and Hannah Leiterman

This regular column reviews key decisions of the last Supreme Court term, and previews the next one, with suggestions for stimulating class activities.

Mountains: a global resource

From Mountain Men to Miners
Robert L. Stevens and Jared A. Fogel
The move from family farm to coal camp wrought dramatic—and sometimes disastrous—changes in the lives of people in Appalachia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Elementary Teaching Ideas
"I thought the world was flat, like the map showed it": Building Geographic Understanding with Elementary Students
Gwendolyn Thompson
Building a model of the globe helps children to better understand many geographic concepts and can provide a reference point for continued learning throughout the year.

Reaching for the Sky: The Growth of Mountain Tourism in Switzerland
Jennifer Truran Rothwell
Once the bane of travellers, the mountain passes of Switzerland were opened to modern tourism through a series of engineering feats specifically aimed to carry tourists ever higher into the Alps.

Special Section
Mountains: A Global Resource
This special section examines the critical importance of mountains to the people who inhabit them and to the world at large. The curriculum presented here supports "The Mountain Agenda"—an international initiative designed to raise public awareness about mountain ecosystems—and results from a collaboration between The Mountain Institute and National Council for the Social Studies.

Multiculturalism vs. Globalism
Nelly Ukpokodu
Although multiculturalism and globalism share significant purposes in the social studies curriculum, teaching either concept well requires drawing some important distinctions between them.

Looking at the Law
The Evolution of Human Rights in the Age of Biotechnology
John Paul Ryan and Benjamin Hron
The era of genetic engineering is upon us and there is no avoiding the legal issues it poses, many of which constitute uncharted ground for ethicists no less than biologists. This article offers an assessment of the implications of recent scientific advances, as well as related teaching activities (Hilary Glazer and Hannah Leiterman), a discussions of bioethics and the law (Elizabeth Yang) and an expression of concern about some potential pitfalls of biotechnology (Ami S. Jaeger).

Teaching with Documents
The 1820 Census of Manufactures
Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel
The movement of young women from farm life to textile mill workers reflected the changing fortunes of New England farmers and merchants as the Napoleonic Wars pulled the young American nation into their wake.

 Women Reformers in the Progressive Era
Judith McDonough
The liberal spirit of the Progressive Era beckoned women—both college graduates and members of the working class—to carve out their own places in the public world outside the home.

"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?": Using Oral Histories to Tell the Story of the Civil Rights Movement
Ellen Spears and Marcia Klenbort
An audio documentary series brings alive the civil rights movement in five Southern communities through the voices of more than 250 people who took part in the events that brought an end to legal segregation in U.S. society.

Teaching with Documents
The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks
Stacey Bredhoff, Wynell Schamel, and Lee Ann Potter
The 381-day Montgomery bus boycott that followed the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to relinquish her seat on a city bus to a white passenger was a crucial event in mobilizing national and worldwide support for the civil rights movement.

Critical Literature for the Social Studies: Challenges and Opportunities for the Elementary Classroom
Neil Houser
Getting the "feel" of a situation through reflecting on literature that addresses difficult social and cultural issues can help children to become more critical of self and society and to develop greater empathy for others.

The Great American Prairie: An Integrated Fifth Grade Unit
Terrence V. Stange and Susan L. Wyant
The pioneer experience on the American prairie offers a rich field for integrating the language arts with various disciplines within the social studies.

How Newspapers Framed the U. S. History Standards Debate
Patricia G. Avery and Theresa Johnson
The release of the National Standards for United States History sparked a controversy that went far beyond their merit as curriculum guidelines to questions about the nature of the American past; but the voices heard in this debate were limited, and scarcely included classroom teachers and their students.

The 1998 Carter G. Woodson Book Awards
These annual awards honor books with themes dealing with U.S. race relations and ethnic minorities in a manner suitable for elementary and secondary school students. This year’s Elementary Award Winner is Milton Meltzer for his biography of Langston Hughes . The Secondary Award Winner is Leon Walter Tillage for his memoir, Leon’s Story .

Get Your Students Involved in Civics
Stephen C. Sansone
Developing a political identity is not only an important goal of civics education, but may provide the impetus for students to learn what it really means to be an informed citizen.

Human Rights Series
Human Rights for Children: The Unfinished Agenda
William R. Fernekes
The idea that children need specific rights guarantees, first proposed by 19th century social reformers, was codified in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.This article looks at the state of progress in three areas of children’s rights: access to education, children and violence, and child health.

Point of View
Education for Sale: What’s a (Democratic) Principle Worth?
Michael Hartoonian
The current movement toward the privatization of education allows us to know the price of schooling. But how much do we value the common good, and its corollary, the common school?

John Kay’s Civil War: A Multimedia Internet Project for Middle School Social Studies
Russell B. Olwell
The war diary and letters of one Civil War soldier take on new life as students use Hyperstudio to relate Kay’s experiences in words, maps, photographs, and music.

The Social Studies Classroom on the Eve of the Cyber Century
Jana Sackman Eaton
The Internet is providing resources once hardly imaginable for ordinary classrooms; but it’s not Utopia, and teachers have a vital role in helping students to think critically about information on the web.

American History Websites for Use in Secondary Schools
William Leeman
From the Salem Witch Trials to the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk to the Camp David Accords, the websites offered here have been carefully evaluated for their accuracy and usefulness in secondary social studies classrooms.

Help! I’m Lost in Cyberspace!
Antoinette Kranning and Lee Ehman
A project called "Mystery from History" brings together fifth grade students and university pre-service teachers via e-mail exchanges throughout a semester.

Content-Rich Commercial Websites in the Social Studies
Aaron Willis
The growing number of fee-based Internet resources for the social studies includes websites devoted to history, current events, primary sources, and virtual fieldtrips.

Point of View
Threshing Out the Myths and Facts of Internet Safety: A Response to "Separating Wheat from Chaff"
Michael Berson, Irene R. Berson, and Elizabeth Ralston
Schools and teachers serve as a critical line of defense in the protection of children from maltreatment, and must consider how to safeguard students from offensive sexual materials and situations as they undertake assignments on the Internet.

Software Reviews
History Uninspired? A Critical Look at Tom Snyder’s American History Inspirer: The Civil War
Chad C. Fairey, Clifford T. Bennett, and John Lee

SVE Series on World and U.S. History
Clifford T. Bennett, J. Richelle Joe, and Ken Watson

Radarsat Satellite Images: A New Geography Tool for Upper Elementary Classrooms
Joseph M. Kirman
There is a world of classroom uses for the information gathered by earth resources satellites such as Landsat and Radarsat. Children in the upper elementary grades are capable of making use of various kinds of images produced by remote sensing.

Human Rights Series
We Must Integrate Human Rights into the Social Studies
Ed O’Brien
Neither the goals nor the language of human rights have achieved a strong foothold in social studies education in the United States—which may help to explain why we see human rights abuses as something that can happen anywhere else but here.

China Update: Economic Reforms and Political Realities
Jana Sackman Eaton
China today is experiencing an economic transformation and greater political frankness. The new opportunities do not extend to the vast majority of China’s people, which may spell greater turmoil in the future.

Learning Across Cultures: From New York City to Rotorua
Claire Schnell and Joan Brodsky Schur
This cross-cultural exchange between students in the United States and New Zealand made use of every form of communication at hand—with fax proving the most versatile.

Special Section: Preservation and Change
Sustainable Development in Costa Rica: An Approach to the Geography Curriculum
Douglas Heffington and Judith Mimbs
The tools of geography can help as people in developing nations seek to improve their livelihoods in ways that preserve the environment. But the process is challenging, as shown in this study of the Bribri, an indigenous people who live on a reserve in the Talamanca Mountains of southeastern Costa Rica.

The Monteverde Community—A Whole Greater than Its Parts
Quint Newcomer
The feeling of community so essential to achieving sustainable development is very much evident in this mountain town. Its surrounding forest preserves, with their vast biodiversity, have become a magnet for nature tourists.

Ecostudents: The New Wave of Students Abroad
Sandra Woy-Hazelton
As universities and other organizations have begun offering programs of environmental study in nations throughout the world, the profile of the student abroad has changed to include the new ecostudents.

Exploring Development Issues Using the Internet
Richard A. Diem
The Internet offers a vast pool of resources on development issues worldwide. Here are some excellent websites for students to begin research on Central America and Mexico.

Environmental Degradation in a Dependent Region: the Rio Grande Valley of Mexico and Texas
Richard C. Jones
The development of the maquiladora corridor along the Texas-Mexico border in recent decades has been accompanied by an increase in pollution and resultant health problems in twin cities along the Rio Grande.

Plotting and Analyzing: Graphing Calculators for Social Inquiry
Joe Garofalo, Clifford Bennett and Cheryl Mason
More commonly used in math classes, graphing calculators have capabilities for data plotting and analysis that can enhance student understanding in many areas of the social studies.

Teaching Presidential Impeachment
Jean A. Luckowsi and James J. Lopach
An issues-centered approach to impeachment can help students to both appreciate the wisdom of our constitutional framework and understand why such strong differences over how to interpret the Constitution emerged in the recent debate over impeaching President Clinton.

Looking at the Law
Affirmative Action: Contentious Ideas and Controversial Practices
John Michael Eden and John Paul Ryan
Nine scholars meet in cyberspace to talk about affirmative action in terms of its original intent to counter past racism and "level the playing field" in American society, and the thinking behind recent court decisions and statewide voter intiatives that challenge its practice.

Human Rights Series
The Scourge of Genocide: Issues Facing Humanity Today and Tomorrow
Samuel Totten
Most responsible world leaders decry the act of genocide, but seem to do so only after the fact. Yet while the causes of genocide are complex and varying, the effects on victims are the same, and demand that we search for better remedies against this recurrent human tragedy.

Book Reviews
We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda by Philip Gourevitch
Samuel Totten
This book takes a critical look at the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and concludes that responsibility for it—though lying chiefly with its perpetrators—also extends to the actions of other nations and the inaction of the international community as a whole. The book received the National Book Critics Circle Award for History in 1998.

Point of View
The Value of Teaching Values
Jeff Passe
Teaching values to school children is not a discrete activity, but involves choices made at every step in the process of education. Its ultimate goal should be to foster the open discussion that prepares students for their rights and responsibilities as citizens of a democracy.

President’s Address
Toward a Humane World: Making a Difference with Social Studies
Tedd Levy
"The one part of the education system most responsible for citizenship, and our future, is social studies education. The one person who can most make a difference is a caring adult—you, the teacher."

Saints or Sinners? The Case for an Honest Portrayal of Historical Figures
Susan I. Kent
The presentation of our national past as a "spectacular, flag-waving saga" is incomplete, less than honest, and impossible to maintain in the face of modern media. Children are more likely to benefit from a realistic understanding of the people and events that have shaped our nation.

Jim Crow, Uncle Sam, and the Formation of the Tuskegee Flying Units
William Percy
The success of the all-black Tuskegee flying units of World War II defied the expectations of some and pointed the way for all to achieve genuine integration of the U.S. armed forces.

The Schoolwide Symposium: A Model for Learning
Walt Cottingham
The energizing effect of a week-long symposium on Vietnam in a small high school in North Carolina set the precedent for an annual school event eagerly anticipated by students, teachers, and the local community.

Teaching Multicultural Social Studies in an Era of Political Eclipse
Alan Singer
Student concerns about social justice often lead to placing multicultural issues at the center of the social studies curriculum. Teaching multicultural education through an inquiry-based approach makes for a natural combination of method and purpose.

Teaching with Documents
General Orders Pertaining to Removal of the Cherokees
Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel
By order of Major General Winfield Scott, "every possible kindness" was to be extended to the Cherokees during their forced removal beyond the Mississippi in 1838. But what could "kindness" possibly mean given the circumstances?


Elementary Education
Elementary Students Learn about Native Americans: the Development of Knowledge and Empathy
Jere Brophy
Two recent studies suggest that, while most elementary students progress beyond the cartoon stereotypes of Native Americans that young children absorb from the media, their knowledge of and empathy for Native Americans dwindles when the curriculum shifts to the westward expansion of the United States in fifth grade.

Authentic Voices: Advice for Incorporating American Indians and Alaska Natives in the Elementary School Curriculum
Frances V. Rains and Karen Gayton Swisher
The narrow teaching about Native Americans typified by the elementary "Indian unit" is more hindrance than help in comprehending the diversity that exists among indigenous peoples, and the unique position of Indian tribes or nations within the federal government system.

Resources for Teaching about American Indians
Karen Harvey
There are many good resources for teaching about American Indians with accuracy and respect. This article offers a sampling of what is available in several media.

Native American Tribal Websites
Eric L. Miller
With the advent of the Internet, American Indian nations now have official tribal websites. This list will help readers to explore the diversity of Native American cultures.

Point of View
Native Americans as Mascots
Sharon Pray Muir
The lesson presented here uses role reversal to help students consider the issue of how it might feel to belong to a group that was portrayed as a sports mascot.

Human Rights Series
Human Rights and Foreign Policy: A Lesson Plan
Amnesty International Human Rights Service Corps
U.S. citizens can influence the actions of their government. This lesson plan examines how individuals may affect the making of foreign policy based on human rights concerns.

Social Studies and the New Immigration

Guest Editors: Xue Lan Rong and M. Gail Hickey

Foreword: Focusing on the New Immigration
Xue Lan Rong and M. Gail Hickey
This special issue of Social Education focuses on schools as the primary gateway for absorbing newcomers into United States society, and explores new ideas for empowering immigrants that challenge the traditional model of assimilation.
 

The New Immigration: Challenges Facing Social Studies Professionals
Xue Lan Rong
For the United States, massive immigration is the current reality and a future prospect. Social studies professionals have a vital role to play in making the largest ethnic transformation in our history a success.
 

Voices from Little Asia: "Blue Dragon" Teens Reflect on Their Experiences as Asian Americans
Melinda F. Cowart, Ron W. Wilhelm, and Ronald E. Cowart
In a community program in Dallas, Asian American youths from several countries share their differing heritages as well as their common experiences in adjusting to mainstream American society.
 

Using Media Literacy to Explore Stereotypes of Mexican Immigrants
Lucila Vargas and Bruce dePyssler
The current media portrayal of Mexican immigrants and native-born Latinos differs little from the historical pattern of negative coverage. Media literacy tools can help students deconstruct the stereotypes and other false images prevalent in general-market media.

Teaching Ideas
Young Children Learn About Immigrants to the United States
Judith Y. Singer and Theodora Harbour-Ridley
Teaching about immigration is an inclusive effort that involves pre-schoolers and elementary students, teachers and parents, at the Morris L. Eisenstein Learning Center in Brooklyn, New York.

Common Threads: Teaching Immigration in Elementary Classrooms
Robin Haskell McBee, Kristine Bone, Gail Mossop, and Carrie Owens
Helping students to understand and take pride in our country’s multicultural heritage is the common goal in teaching about immigration in three classrooms.

The Role of the Immigrant in United States History: A Thematic Approach
Mary E. Connor
Immigration lends itself well to teaching history thematically. Using this approach, students can observe how the same issues have arisen time after time as the nation struggled to define its immigration policy—and itself.

Bilingual Education: An Overview
Rosa Castro Feinberg and Consuelo Conde Morencia
Students with limited English proficiency constitute a special challenge in today’s classrooms. This article reviews some of the approaches to bilingual education now being used to help these children succeed academically.

If You Can Make It There, You Can Make It Anywhere: Teaching Immigrant Students in New York City
Margaret Smith Crocco with Delia Barr Brooks and Kimberly Woo
The dramatic influx of immigrant children into the New York public school system provides a challenge—and a unique laboratory—for teacher education programs. This article looks at one such program for the social studies.

"Back Home, Nobody’d Do That": Immigrant Students and Cultural Models of Schooling
Gail Hickey
Students bring their own expectations of schooling into the classroom. Knowing more about the cultural backgrounds of immigrant students can help teachers to avoid cultural misunderstandings that detract from learning.

Immigration and Multiculturalism: Issues in Australian Society and Schools
Lindsay J. Parry
Australia’s recognition that it is a multicultural society is of recent date and remains the subject of controversy. Will the school curriculum be inclusive of the many peoples who have formed this nation or a means of reasserting the centrality of the Anglo-Celtic past?

Surfing the Web
Teaching about Immigration
Frederick Risinger
A number of good websites on immigration can help stimulate classroom discussion. This controversial topic can also be a good way to introduce students to website bias.

Human Rights Series
The Rights of Refugees
Jennifer Truran Rothwell
"Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution," states Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But as the conditions of modern warfare continue to uproot millions of people, where can today’s refugees find safe haven?

Looking at the Law
The Changing Face of Immigration Law
Christina DeConcini, Jeanine S. Piller, and Margaret Fisher
The United States is in the midst of a “cold spel#148; with regard to immigration, as evidenced by several laws passed by Congress in 1996. What accounts for the fluctuations in American attitudes toward newcomers, and how are today’s immigrants being affected by the new legislation?

Teaching with Documents
Declaration of Intention and Petition for Naturalization
Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel
The legal requirements for becoming a United States citizen have changed little since the founding of the nation, although the paperwork has been streamlined. This article uses documents submitted by Greta Garbo and one Archibald Leach to explain the process of naturalization.

Annual Index: 1998

Re-Exploring Early American History
WGBH's Africans in America

Guest Editor: Karen Barss

Re-Exploring Early America

Karen Barss

A television series that examines both the impact of slavery and the critical role of African Americans in challenging our nation to live up to its democratic ideals will air on PBS this month.

Facing Slavery and Ourselves

Llewellyn Smith

Delving into the ordeal of slavery may be painful, but it offers the best chance for healing racial wounds based on a true understanding of our shared past.

Slavery and the Origins of the Civil War

Eric Foner

The new historiography of the "peculiar institution" strikes at the heart of the traditional understanding of slavery.

Race in Pre-Civil War America

Noel Ignatiev

How was it possible to create a massive social force to defend the slave system when it benefitted so few economically? The experience of the Irish in mid-19th century America helps reveal how the concept of racial supremacy operated to "divide and conquer" groups with shared economic interests.

Black Women and Their Antebellum Quest for Political and Social Equality

Willi Coleman

Black women played an important part in the movement to abolish slavery, and some found their efforts to achieve racial freedom leading them into the issue of gender equality as well.

Teaching Ideas

Exploring Primary Sources: the Ideal of Liberty and the Reality of Slavery

Linda Mizell

This lesson plan leads students to consider the statement, "Resolved: American slavery is an oxymoron," in terms of the attitudes revealed in primary source documents from the period leading up to the American Revolution.

Students Speak Out

In a roundtable discussion, student advisors to the WGBH Africans in America project offer their own understandings based on historical study and their work with the series makers.

Classroom Focus

Confession

Charles Johnson

This original story of a slave rebellion by award-winning author Charles Johnson is accompanied by ideas for "Using Fiction to Support History Teaching" by classroom teacher Peggy Dyro.

Internet

African Americans, U.S. History, and the Internet

C. Frederick Risinger

These web sites are a great resource for looking further into the African American experience in U. S. history.

Instructional Technology

Creating Time to Develop Student Thinking

John Saye

Combining modern technology with the model for instructional spaces offered here can free the teacher to make real use of the Socratic method with students.

Putting a Lid on Campaign Spending: A Lesson Plan

Rita G. Koman

With campaign spending at an unprecedented high in U.S. elections, the author highlights the problems involved, and offers ideas for helping students to study this complicated issue.

Looking at the Law

Supreme Court Trends

L. Anita Richardson

A look backward and forward at some of the most important cases before the highest court in the land.

Human Rights Series

Bringing Human Rights Home: Human Rights Education for the 21st Century

Loretta Ross and Meghna Gupta

The authors propose that human rights must be to the 21st century what democracy was to the 20th—a liberating force that demands freedom and justice for all.

Global Education: Challenges, Cultures & Connections

Guest Editors H. Thomas Collins, Frederick R. Czarra, Andrew F. Smith

The Post-Cold War Era: Implications for Educators
Maurice A. East
The world after the Cold War is less dangerous for the United States, but no easier to navigate than before.

NATO Expansion
Karen Volker
NATO has been an unexpectedly successful deterrent force, so it’s not surprising that many former Warsaw Pact countries want to join.

Schools Demining Schools: A Global Teach-In
United Nations Global Teach-In Project and the American Forum for Global Education
Minefields across the world exact a terrible toll on civilians. Schools can do something about it—and some have already tried.

Teaching Ideas
Population and Development Issues
Sharon Cohen and Christopher Garran
As the world prepares for its six-billionth inhabitant in 1999, students need to know more about the relationship between population growth and economic development.

Point of View
Development Aid: No Time to Retreat from Global Leadership
Charles F. Dambach
Does the miserly contribution of the U.S. government to the alleviation of world poverty threaten its international leadership role?

Global Cultures: The First Steps Toward Understanding
Elsie Begler
Teaching about other cultures is less daunting with the world culture framework suggested here.

On the Internet
Global Education and the Internet
Fred Risinger
With Internet resources on the upsurge, exploring the world from the classroom has become a reality.

Teaching Ideas
How Big is Africa?
Deborah Smith Johnston with Barbara Brown
A better sense of geography breaks down barriers to comprehending the vast diversity of the African continent.

Global Connections: Where Am I? How Did I Get Here? Where Am I Going?
Chadwick F. Alger
We are all inextricably involved in global networks. What kind of world will today’s students create by participating in them?

Making Global Connections in a Chicago Classroom
Charlotte C. Anderson with Steven Brumbaugh, Erin Drankwalter, Scott Hemmer, Michael Myers and Joann Podkul
The links between local and global challenges become apparent in many forms of community service.

Expressing a Global Perspective: Experiences in a Mexican Classroom
Clark Johnson
Seeing ourselves as others see us is a good start toward developing a global perspective.

Elementary Teaching Ideas
Hmong Paj Ntaub: Using Textile Arts to Teach Young Children about Cultures
Ava L. McCall
Textile arts can provide a good entry into another culture for elementary students.

Getting to the Source: State Department Resources on Foreign Policy
Dave Rabadan
The U.S. State Department offers excellent online resources for teachers.

Cold War: Talking with the Producers of the TV Documentary Series
Jeremy Isaacs and Martin Smith discuss the educational goals of their upcoming, 24-part CNN documentary on the Cold War.

Human Rights Series
The Birth of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Michael Cooper
The modern global emphasis on human rights grew out of the world’s collective horror at the human depredations of World War II.

Resources on Global Education
Frederick R. Czarra, H. Thomas Collins and Andrew F. Smith
These teacher-oriented organizations provide resources on the world’s regions and problems.

Guidelines for Global and International Studies Education
Frederick R. Czarra, Andrew F. Smith and H. Thomas Collins
Our guest editors offer guidelines for teaching about global challenges, cultures, and connections based on their survey of the field of international education.

Children's Literature and Social Studies

Teaching Ideas
Workers’ Theatre as an Inquiry Process for Exploring Social Issues of the 1930s
George W. Chilcoat
The workers’ theatre movement of the 1930s attempted to unite actors and audience in devising solutions to societal problems. Re-enacting its dramatic forms is a great way to introduce students to the issues of the time.

From Hiroshima to Homer Simpson: Using Literature to Confront the Impact of Nuclear Energy
Dennis Banks
The problems associated with nuclear energy have given even its peacetime use a bad rap in today’s society. This article suggests several fiction and non-fiction titles that may help expand students’ knowledge of the hazards—and the potential of nuclear power.

The Epic of Sundiata: Using African Literature in the Classroom
Margaret Sullivan
The Epic of Sundiata, which chronicles the rise of the Empire of Mali in the grasslands of northwestern Africa in the 13th century, is a compelling drama that bears comparison to such other hero tales as The Iliad and—its own contemporary—the Arthurian legend.

Writing Poetry in the Elementary Social Studies Classroom
George Maxim
Creative writing should be no less a part of the elementary social studies writing program than are expository forms. This article looks at the use of a poetic form—the cinquain—to teach about Mexican vaqueras in a fourth grade unit on the American Southwest.

The 1997 Carter G. Woodson Book Awards
These annual awards honor books that deal with subjects relating to U.S. ethnic minorities and race relations in a manner suitable for readers at the elementary and secondary levels. This year’s highest awards go to Suhair Hamid Ghazi for Ramadan, a book for young readers about celebrating the holiest month in the Islamic calendar, and to Jim Haskins for The Harlem Renaissance, an excellent resource that brings Harlem in the 1920s and 1930s to life for high school students.

Elementary Teaching Ideas
Hot on the Campaign Trail! Teaching Social Studies through Drama
Mary Kathleen Barnes
The author introduces her third grade students to U.S. politics by using “drama frames” to actively involve them in the electoral process and the workings of the three branches of the federal government.

Elementary Teaching Ideas
Building the George Washington Bridge: A First Grade Experience
Elizabeth P. McMillan
What can a first grade teacher do with a sturdy 8-foot cardboard box? In this case, build the towers of the George Washington Bridge, and then let students take over the jobs of construction workers on the bridge and tugboat captains on the river.

Notable Children’s Trade Books in the Field of Social Studies 1998

Teaching Ideas
Perspectives on the American Landscape: The Conflict between Native and European American Ideas of Landownership
Fay Powe
There’s more to American landscape images than meets the eye; they are a window into conflicting ideas about the meaning and proper use of the land in different periods of American history.

Teaching with Documents
The Inquiry into the Education of Don Henry and His Subsequent Death in the Spanish Civil War
Charles E. Schamel and Wynell B. Schamel
Don Henry’s path from the University of Kansas to a battleground in Spain became the subject of a politicized inquiry into the very nature of a university.

American Memory: Using Library of Congress Online Resources to Enhance History Teaching
Laurel R. Singleton and James R. Giese
"Imagine having ready access in your classroom to millions of primary sources related to American history." This article presents some model lessons on how to use them.

EDSITEment: The Best of the Humanities on the Web for High School Students
Candace Katz
This article introduces websites that a group of humanities teachers chose as the top 20 now available on the Web. Most have social studies value.

Separating Wheat from Chaff: Why Dirty Pictures Are Not the Real Dilemma in Using the Internet to Teach Social Studies
C. Frederick Risinger
Stop worrying about those dumb--and even hateful--sites on the Internet. They can be grist for the mill in helping students to develop their critical thinking skills.

Waking the Sleeping Giant: A Learning Community in Social Studies Methods and Technology
Stephen A. Rose and Henry F. Winterfeldt
Helping preservice teachers understand the potential of technology generated a lot of excitement in this learning community.

Building a Useful Elementary Social Studies Website
Dawn F. Thomas, Martin M. Creel and John Day
Read how a website for elementary school field trips blossomed into a full-scale "electronic curriculum" in one large urban/suburban school system.

Meridian: Inventing an Online Journal
Cheryl L. Mason and Edwin R. Gerler
It’s fast. It’s accessible. Creative, too. An online journal may be just the thing for connecting you to the latest, greatest ideas for social studies classrooms.

Software Reviews: 3-D Atlas 97 and America Rock
Clifford T. Bennett and Kara Dawson
Our reviewers look at two CD-ROMs. 3-D Atlas 97 is a reference CD-ROM for grades five and up. America Rock uses interactive games to teach history, geography, and civics to students in grades three through eight.

The Start Is as Important as the Finish: Establishing a Foundation for Study of the Holocaust
Samuel Totten
Discovering what kind of knowledge base students bring to study of the Holocaust can help overcome misperceptions and increase understanding of this complex and tragic event.

Team-Teaching AP History and English
David Traill, with the assistance of David Harvey
The challenges posed by moving to a 4x4 block schedule caused these teachers to join forces and create a combined syllabus for teaching AP history and English at both the junior and senior levels.

The Depression in the South: Seymour Foge#146;s Images of African Americans
Robert L. Stevens and Jared A. Fogel
As the nation’s economic life hit rock bottom, a young artist hit the road, drawing sketches that recorded the plight of southern African Americans and their dignity in the face of it.

Brick Walls and Breakthroughs: Talking about Diversity with White Teacher Education Students
Rahima Wade
Asking preservice teachers to reflect on commonly-expressed statements about teaching children of color was a first step in breaking down some “brick walls” to understanding and appreciating diversity.

Looking at the Law
Teaching About the Death Penalty
John Paul Ryan and John Michael Eden
Opening discussion of the death penalty may cause students to reconsider their deeply felt, but often unexamined, convictions on this vital legal and moral issue.

Teaching Ideas
Exploring Vietnam: A Multiple Intelligence Portfolio of Learning
Linda A. Hoover and Randall Taylor
The issues of the Vietnam War can become very real to students when Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence is made the basis of class assignments.

Connecting Narrative and Historical Thinking: A Research-based Approach to Teaching History
Robert H. Mayer
History in the classroom is most compelling when the inquiry process builds upon strong grounding in the narrative of human events.

Is Group Decision Making in the Classroom Constructive or Destructive?
Rhonda King and John King
It’s not enough to teach students how to articulate their views in class; to make good group decisions, they need to learn listening skills as well.

Teaching with Documents
The Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection
Lee Ann Potter and Wynell B. Schamel
Why does the Philippines celebrate its independence on a different day from when the U.S. granted it on July 4, 1946? The answer lies in the different perspective from which Filipinos view what Teddy Roosevelt called the "splendid little war" of 1898.

Surfing the Net
Instructional Strategies for the World Wide Web
C. Frederick Risinger
Everybody knows there’s a lot of great information on the Internet, but where are the sites with good ideas on how to use the World Wide Web in class? Fred Risinger has some answers.

Point of View
The Problematics of Character Education and Civic Virtue: A Critical Response to the NCSS Position Statement
Kevin A. Vinson
Stating our commitment to character education and civic virtue is but a first step in considering how social studies professionals should teach the meaning of citizenship.

Book Review
History on Trial: Culture Wars and the Teaching of the Past
Robert Cohen
The history standards wars are not yet over, as this book by closely involved scholars makes clear.

From Behaviorist to Constructivist Teaching
Geoffrey Scheurman
This introduction to constructivism examines four hypothetical teacher roles based on different views of knowledge and matching methods for teaching social studies.

Teaching Ideas
Revisiting Lexington Green
Geoffrey Scheurman
Posing the question, "What happened on Lexington Green?", this article presents and analyzes several different approaches for helping students to solve this conundrum in early American history.

Authentic Intellectual Work in Social Studies: Putting Performance before Pedagogy
Geoffrey Scheurman and Fred M. Newmann
Establishing criteria for authentic intellectual achievement helps students learn in constructivist classrooms—and others too.

Teaching Ideas
The Time Before History: Thinking Like an Archaeologist
Michael M. Yell
The use of active teaching strategies makes study of the "Iceman" a process of discovery for students in this seventh grade world studies class.

Assessment in a Social Constructivist Classroom
Janet Alleman and Jere Brophy
Three curriculum goals—understanding, appreciation, and life application-lie at the core of constructivist teaching and should guide methods of assessment.

Teaching Ideas
Actual and Virtual Reality: Making the Most of Field Trips
Jennifer Marie Bellan and Geoffrey Scheurman
Real and electronic field trips can serve as complementary components of powerful social studies instruction.

The Oregon Trail: Wyoming Students Construct a CD-ROM
Pol William Holt
Creating a CD-ROM for use in their state’s fourth grade classrooms gave one group of Wyoming high school students the chance to learn electronic production techniques and to perform the work of actual historians.

What Would You Do? Constructing Decision-Making Guidelines Through Historical Problems
Kevin O’Reilly
Critical thinking involves not only examining past situations, but learning to reflect on the very skills that increase our understanding of historical problems.

History Alive! Six Powerful Constructivist Strategies
Bert Bower and Jim Lobdell
The cognitive benefits of allowing students to construct knowledge of the past are illustrated in this presentation of six dynamic teaching strategies based on multiple intelligence theory.

Resources for Constructivist Teaching
Michael M. Yell and Geoffrey Scheurman
This annotated list includes books that illustrate active teaching strategies as well as more general works on the philosophical underpinnings of constructivism.

Classroom Management in a Social Studies Learning Community
Jere Brophy and Janet Alleman
The potential of active teaching strategies to increase student learning is enhanced or undercut by the management principles in use in a classroom.

Teaching with Documents
President Harry S. Truman’s Diary
Stacey Bredhoff and Wynell Schamel
The voice of the "ordinary" man that speaks in Truman’s diary belies the extraordinary nature of his presidency, which involved some of the most fateful decisions of the twentieth century.

Perspectives on Sub-Saharan Africa

Economics and the New Environmentalism

Violence: On the Screen, On the Street

The Human Face of Immigration: A Literary Approach
Dennis Banks
In the face of today's largely negative debate over immigration, reading stories about immigrants can help students understand that-while the faces and the ethnic backgrounds may change-people's reasons for wanting to come to America remain fairly constant.

Teaching United States History Thematically
Mary Connor
A thematic approach can generate excitement about recurrent issues in American history as students journey not once, but many times, from past to present in the course of a year's study.

Life Stories in Children's Books
Jeanne McLain Harms and Lucille J. Lettow
Using children's literature to present life stories can reinforce young children's understanding of life span and how goals formed in childhood may help determine an individual's future.

Now Is Your Time!: A Middle School History Unit
Elizabeth Yeager, Frans H. Doppen, and David Middleton
Four types of questions based on "historical thinking" and applied to a book by Walter Dean Myers form the core of a middle school course on African American history at the University of Florida's K-12 Developmental Research School.

Flashback: Comparing Two Approaches to Teaching World History
Joseph Khazzaka
A study compares the effects of two methods of teaching-by flashback or through a chronological approach-on student learning about the Persian Gulf region and student attitudes toward world history.

Citizenship Education and the World Wide Web
C. Frederick Risinger
From "Thomas"-with its up-to-date summaries of bills moving through Congress-to RealCom's links to political interest groups of every stripe, the World Wide Web has much to offer in citizenship education; the question for teachers and students is how best to make use of it.

The Dreary Life of the Cowboy: Memoir and Myth in Cowboy Ballads
E. Martin Pedersen
Although his own ballads describe the cowboy as a workingman with long hours and hard chores, this realistic image gave way to the modern gun-toting prairie superman.

Using the Geographic Perspective to Enrich History
Sarah Bednarz
Geography is more than the backdrop for history; it can add a rich dimension to the study of the past.

Technology and Social Studies: An Introduction
Charles S. White
The power of modern communications technology to shape our lives is a reflection of what we have become: a visual society.

Past, Possibilities, and Potholes along the Information Superhighway
Joseph A. Braun, jr.
This description of the Internet focuses on why the computer network began, where it may be going, and how it can be used for historical research.

Citizenship, Diversity and Distance Learning: Videoconferencing in Connecticut
Edward C. Sembor
Two Connecticut schools try out videoconferencing technology to increase understanding among students of different races. The results are encouraging.

Using Technology for Powerful Social Studies Learning
Stephen A. Rose and Phyllis M. Fernlund
These guidelines will help teachers to chart the right directions and make the most effective use of the new electronic technologies.

The Internet Ten
Clark Johnson and Jeck Rector
The performance expectations outlined by the NCSS Curriculum Standards can be a guide to teaching with the Internet. Here are some useful websites for standards-related instruction.

A Trip to Historic Philadelphia on the Web
Elizabeth K. Wilson
This virtual tour of Philadelphia may be only the beginning of your students' historical ventures in cyberspace.

"How Can I Study?"
United Nations Children's Fund
A New UNICEF report on child labor worldwide links both causes and cures to the state of education in developing nations.

Traditional Rule-Making and the Subversion of Citizenship Education
David Schimmel
School rules should be treated as part of the civic education of students and developed collaboratively.

Empowering Immigrant Students through Democratic Dialogues
Michael Pezone and Alan Singer
When dialogue replaces debate, students feel more comfortable expressing their opinions, and are more open to the viewpoints of others.

Getting a Grip on Geography
Kristin M. Roberts
A new teacher facing the challenge of a geography class engages students with a "hands-on" approach to puzzling out the world's continents.

Korean Education: Focusing on the Future
Richard Diem, Tedd Levy and Ronald VanSickle
The Republic of Korea has a vision for education; lifelong learning enabled by modern technology will constitute its new "Edutopia."

Transforming Education in Hungary
Cathy Kaufman
The struggle for new civic identities in an emerging democracy is inevitably reflected in attitudes towards the educational system.

Developing Democratic Citizens for Emerging Democracies in Africa
Nelly Ukpokodu
The attempt to institute democractic education in many African nations takes place against a backdrop of authoritarian models-both colonial and traditional.

Why Do Social Studies Teachers Use Textbooks? The Answer May Lie in Economic Theory
Mark C. Schug, Richard D. Western and Larry G. Enochs
Public choice theory suggests that teachers use textbooks when they judge their costs and
benefits to be more attractive than those of other teaching methods.

Point of View
Appeasing the Right, Missing the Point? Reading the New York State Social Studies Framework
S. G. Grant
The "reform" of the New York State social studies curriculum may be read as a casualty of the current history "wars" or-worse yet-as a missed opportunity.

Book Reviews

Teaching History in a Changing World

Guest Editors: Stephen J. Thornton and Linda S. Levstik

History Making and the Plains Indians
Jennifer Truran Rothwell
The power possessed by images makes it all the more important to understand their historical contexts.

First-Hand Study: Teaching History for Understanding
Stephen J. Thornton
The value of having students "do" history themselves gains support from both research and the classroom findings of teachers.

History-It Can Be Elementary: An Overview of Elementary Students' Understanding of History
Keith C. Barton
There is a better way to handle history in the elementary years than the abrupt transition from a "holiday" curriculum to an over-emphasis on political institutions.

How Children Explain the "Why" of History: The Chata Research Project on Teaching History
Rosalyn Ashby, Peter Lee, and Alaric Dickinson
The ability of young students to distinguish between historical causes and reasons cannot be taken for granted.

Mapping the Terrain of Historical Significance
Peter Seixas
How students view history is influenced by personal and social factors that lie beyond the purview of teacher or textbook.

Sociocultural Approaches to Young People's Historical Understanding
Terrie L. Epstein
History presented from only one perspective may obscure other agents of change and defeat the purposes of multicultural education.

Making Time for Women's History... When Your Survey Course is Already Filled to Overflowing
Margaret Smith Crocco
Viewing women's history in terms of five phases of curricular re-vision may help teachers better integrate the subject into U.S. and world history courses.

Can More Be Less? The Depth-Breadth Dilemma in Teaching American History
Bruce A. VanSledright
Classroom observation supports the view that less-when structured around powerful ideas-can be more in teaching history.

Arts Alive in the Development of Historical Thinking
Jeannette L. Groth and Maria Albert
The arts are academic... and their use in the classroom can greatly enrich how students experience history.

Little Windows to the Past
Amy Thompson Leigh and Tina Ossege Reynolds
Helping children connect with their own past provides a concrete foundation on which to build historical understanding.

"Any History Is Someone's History": Listening to Multiple Voices from the Past
Linda S. Levstik
How shall we determine what collective memory our democracy requires when there is no such thing as just the facts in history?

The World Around Us: Global Education

Teaching Ideas

A Journey on Three Rivers: The Nile, The Rhine, The Mississippi
Anita Allen
Rivers may help us define who we are better than manmade boundaries.

Real People, Common Themes:
Using Trade Books to Counter Stereotypes
Jo Sullivan
Good trade books are an engaging way to introduce diverse cultures in the classroom.

Past Meets Present: A Small Mexican Town as Classroom
Lee M. Penyak and Pamela Duray-Casares
An oral history project whets students’ appetites to learn more about the meeting place
between traditional and modern culture in Mexico.

Us and Them: Challenging the Divisions
Barbara B. Brown
Who are the Nacirema and why is their culture so magic-ridden?

Articles

Bringing Beijing Home... and Into the Classroom
Lyn Reese
The Fourth World Women’s Conference held in Beijing in 1995 may prove the “coming of age” of the international women’s movement.

Civil Society in Democracy’s Third Wave:
Implications for Civic Education
John J. Patrick
The voluntary associations that constitute civil society provide an important bulwark for democracy.

Recent Elections in Former Soviet Bloc Countries
The success of democracy in three former Soviet bloc nations hinges not least on past history.
The Russian Election of
Ben A. Smith
Representative Democracy in Latvia: The Elections of 1995 and
John J. Patrick
Post-Conflict Elections in Bosnia
Mary E. Soley

Building Civic Education in Bosnia
Three American teachers reflect on what they learned from their Bosnian colleagues in a workshop on educating for democracy.
Would I Return? In a Heartbeat!
Pat Feichter
Beauty in the Midst of Devastation
Gail Huschle
Making Connections Between Cultures
Mary Bristol

On Human Dignity: The Need for Human Rights Education
Felisa Tibbetts
Human rights education regards the individual first as a member of the human race.

Teaching About International Conflict and Peace
Mary E. Soley
Global education succeeds when it convinces students they can act to make the world a better place.

Population Education: Lessons for a Changing World
Pamela Wasserman
The environmental impacts of world population growth are the responsibility not only of the developing, but also of the consuming, nations.

Dateline

The New Civics Education:
An Integrated Approach for Australian Schools
Murray Print
The new civics education in Australia goes beyond traditional bromides to tackle issues of human values and multiethnicity.

Instructional Technology: Internet

Global and International Education on the World Wide Web
C. Frederick Risinger
Notable Web sites for global education materials are selected.

Special Feature

Update on World Development
The massive debts of many developing nations are not being helped by diminishing foreign aid.

Votes & Citizenship

Teaching Ideas

What Makes a Great President?
Rochelle Balkam
Great leadership in a democracy depends not only upon leaders but those who are led.

Voting Isn’t Enough
G. Dale Greenawald
Citizenship education must go beyond the “hows and whys” of voting to explore leadership, conflicts over power, and the issues at stake in elections.

Voting Is Essential
Rick Blasing
Helping students to formulate their own political opinions can stimulate interest in voting.

The 1965 Alabama Literacy Test
Kids Voting USA
The importance of the vote becomes clearer in a lesson on how African-American citizens were once deprived of suffrage.

Articles

Kids Voting USA: From Classroom to Dinner Table to the Polls
Syd Golston
Interest in elections is piqued when students of all ages cast ballots at real polling precincts.

Investigating Controversial Issues at Election Time:
Political Socialization Research
Carole L. Hahn
An open climate in social studies classrooms may be a good predictor of students’ future political participation.

The Political Trade-offs of Trade
William Bosshardt
The debates over free trade and economic sanctions involve political judgments and will not be resolved easily.

Social Barriers to Voting
Pauline Schneider
There are many causes, but only one result, of not voting: your ideas don’t get represented.

The Keys to the White House:
Who Will be the Next American President?
Allan J. Lichtman
Challengers beware: no incumbent who meets the criteria for survival in this prediction scale has lost the popular vote for President.

A Hundred Years Ago:
Crusaders vs. Conservatives in a Furious Campaign
A Social Education Special Feature
The political landscape of the 1896 election is easily recognizable. There was a bitter debate on the economy, the campaign swallowed gobs of money, and charges of special interests filled the air.

Getting Into Issues: Good Government
William H. Woodwell, Jr.
Campaign finance reform is an issue whose time has come—and come—and come.

Social Issues and Voting Behavior
Scott Piroth
More votes are based on partisan identification than people realize—even the voters themselves.

Instructional Technology

Internet: Teaching About the 1996 Elections with
the World Wide Web
C. Frederick Risinger
The best Web sites for election-oriented materials are selected.

Multimedia Products for U.S. History
Charles S. White
New products that support the U.S. history curriculum are examined.

Video Rewind
Round Rock Independent School District, Austin, Texas
A timely look at women in the U.S. space program is among the new videos reviewed.
 

A New Deal for America

Guest Editors John F. Sears and Fred Crouch

The New Deal: An Overview
Alan Brinkley
To pull the whole country out of the Great Depression, the Roosevelt Administration forged a new role for government.

An Informal Supper With FDR
Robert Hopkins
For one private, a pass home meant a visit to the White House, where his father lived and worked as Roosevelt’s advisor. Robert Hopkins recalls an evening with FDR on the brink of Pearl Harbor.

Labor Comes into Its Own
Edmund F. Wehrle
The New Deal offered a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for labor organizations.

The Politics of Polio
Hugh Gallagher
How could FDR’s paralysis remain such a well-kept secret during a Presidency that lasted more than twelve years? A complex set of deceptions made the President appear able-bodied.

Dear Mrs. Roosevelt: Cries For Help from Depression Youth
Robert Cohen
Numerous children and teenagers were convinced that Eleanor Roosevelt was on their side because of her involvement in youth and relief issues.

Public Works: The Legacy of the New Deal
Howard Rosen
Roosevelt’s public works programs put millions of the desperate unemployed to work, and built America’s modern infrastructure.

Roosevelt’s Army of Community Service Workers
Sherry Field
Home front classrooms during World War II were a model of community service efforts.

Eleanor Roosevelt and the Wartime Campaign Against Jim Crow
Allida M. Black
Undaunted by fear of controversy, the First Lady took bold stands for racial justice.

The Safford, Arizona, Murals of Seymour Fogel:
A Study in Artistic Controversy
Jared A. Fogel and Robert L. Stevens
The aim of Federal arts programs was to inspire Americans to a new vision of the future. But when Seymour Fogel included Native Americans in his mural for the Safford, Arizona post office, he was greeted by an outburst of prejudice.

Teaching Ideas

A North Dakota New Deal
Rachel Yarnell Thompson
Two veterans of New Deal jobs programs remember what it meant to have a friend in Washington.

Primary Source Teaching Segments: “To Mrs. Roosevelt, who ‘Looks for the Poor” and “To FDR: the CCC ‘Is a Vain Effort to Placate Youth”
Robert Cohen
Letters written to FDR and the First Lady are ideal classroom focal points.


Depicting Disability: The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial
C. Todd Stephenson
The issue of whether to depict FDR’s disability in the Roosevelt Memorial can stimulate avid debates.

Instructional Technology: Internet

The New Deal Network
Thomas Thurston
The launch of a major Internet site on the New Deal is scheduled this October.

Resources

Resources for Teaching the Roosevelt Era
John F. Sears and Fred Crouch
There is an abundance of useful books, teacher kits, videos, and CD-ROMs on the Roosevelt era.

Articles

Conflict Between Law and Religion: A Peaceful Solution for the Teaching of December Holidays
Arthur Gross Schaefer and Michelle Britton Bass
Practical guidelines are presented for dealing with this sensitive issue.

Point of View

Rx for Social Studies
Ron Wheeler
Thanks to technology, teaching students to analyze data well is no longer just a dream.

With Reason and Rhetoric: Building the Case for the Literature-Social Studies Connection
Thomas M. McGowan, Lynnette Erickson, and Judith A. Neufeld

Diversity and Trade Books: Promoting Conceptual Learning in Social Studies
Cathy Y. Kim and Jesus Garcia

The Story of Ourselves: Fostering Multiple Historical Perspective s
Michael O. Tunnell and Richard Ammon

Promoting Civic Competence Using Children's Trade Books: Ideas for Pre K-4 Classrooms
Sandy Jean Hicks

Using Trade Books to Teach Middle Level Social Studies
Robert H. Lombard

Using Trade Books to Encourage Critical Thinking About Citizenship in High School Social Studies
Thomas W. Bean, R. Steven Kile, and John E. Readence

An Annotated Bibliography of Resources for Literature-Based Instruction
Meredith J. McGowan and James H. Powell

Freedom and Oppression: Opposing Ideas Lead to Integrated Knowledge: A Unit of Study for Intermediate Grades
Harriett B. Cholden and Barbara Giertz Hunt

To Touch, to Feel, to See: Artifact Inquiry in the Social Studies Classroom
Sherry L. Field, Linda D. Labbo, Ron W. Wilhelm, and Alan W. Garrett

Using Schema Theory to Teach American History
Mac Duis

Beyond Socialization and Multiculturalism: Rethinking the Task of Citizenship Education in a Pluralistic Society
Bruce Grelle and Devon Metzger

Promoting Tolerance in Preservice Teachers
Judith A. Swearingen

Teaching Public Values: Three Instructional Approaches
Robert L. Stevens and Michael G. Allen

What U.S. Political History Reveals for Social Studies Education
Randy K. Mills

The Role of Portfolio Evaluation in Social Studies Teacher Education: How Evaluation Practices Shape Learning Experiences
E. Wayne Ross

A Place to Call One's Own Choosing Books about Homelessness
Diane Hoffbauer and Maureen Prenn

Problems of Bias in History Textbooks
Michael H. Romanowski

The U.S. Civil War on the World Wide Web
C. Frederick Risinger

Books

Bird Bottles, the Fourth Estate, and Mr. Jefferson's Music: Bringing Back History From Your Travels
James J. Carpenter

Teaching Extended Class Periods
Monroe Brett

Global Thematic Units Are Passports to Learning
Jo Ann Cangemi and Linda Aucoin

The NCSS Curriculum Standards: A Model for University Methods Courses and Conceptual Teaching
Gregory Wegner

Using Social Studies as the Catalyst for Curriculum Integration: The Experience of a Secondary School
Richard Diem

Multicultural Understanding through Literature
Shirley Koeller

Educational Challenges Facing Eastern Europe
Deborah M. De Simone

Islam: Stereotypes Still Prevail
Rick Blasing

Institutions Offering Resource Materials on Islam to Secondary Educators

Webbing the Social Studies: Using Internet and World Wide Web Resources in Social Studies Instruction
C. Frederick Risinger

If It's Controversial,Why Teach It?
Mary Soley

Creating Strategies and Conditions for Civil Discourse about Controversial Issues
John Allen Rossi

Instructional Materials for Teaching Controversial Issues

Exploring Issues with Students Despite the Barriers
Joseph J. Onosko

Controversial Issues:The Teacher's Crucial Role
Alan L. Lockwood

The Beginning of Life: A Topic Worthy of Discussion
Joseph O'Brien

Can Controversial Topics Be Taught in the Early Grades? The Answer Is Yes!
Robin Haskell McBee

We Are All A-Bomb Victims
Walter Enloe

The National History Standards:Time for Common Sense
David Warren Saxe

Moving Beyond Name Games: The Conservative Attack on the U.S. History Standards
Robert Cohen

Right for the Wrong Reasons: National History Standards
Michael Whelan

BOOKS

A History of NCSS

Guest Editors: Ben A. Smith and J. Jesse Palmer

Social Studies and the Birth of NCSS: 1783-1921
Ben A. Smith, J. Jesse Palmer, and Stephen T. Correia

The Early Years: 1921-1937
Murry R. Nelson

A Time for Growth, A Time for War, A Time for Leadership: 1937-1947
Sherry L. Field and Lynn M. Burblaw

Maturation and Change: 1947-1968
Dale Greenwald

Struggling Toward Professionalization: 1968-1982
William G. Wraga

Recent Challenges and Achievements: 1982-1995
Margaret A. Laughlin

Point of View
Nightmares and Possibilities: A Perspective on Standard Setting
S.G.Grant

James Michener and the Historical Future of Social Studies
James P. Shaver

Interview
Interview with Dr. John Haefner

Teaching About the Holocaust:
Rationale, Content, Methodology, & Resources
Samuel Totten and Stephen Feinberg

Frequently Asked Questions About the Holocaust

Bibliographies and Reference Books on the Holocaust

The Uniqueness of the Holocaust

Anti-Semitism:
Background to the Holocaust
Milton Kleg

The Other Victims of the Nazis
Ina R. Friedman

Denial of the Holocaust
Scott Miller

Women in Nazi Germany:
Denial by Any Other Name
Alison Owings

Altruism and the Holocaust
Nechama Tec

Incorporating Literature into a Study of the Holocaust:
Some Advice, Some Cautions
Margaret A. Drew

Using Holocaust Short Stories and Poetry in the Social Studies
Classroom
Carol Danks

Teaching Schindler's List
Phyllis Goldstein

Steven Spielberg:
"My Primary Purpose in Making Schindler's List Was For Education."

Educational Focus and Resources of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
Dawn Marie Warfle

Hitler's Death Camps
Paul Wieser

A Selection of Notable Publications on the Holocaust
Stephen Feinberg

Books

The Road to the Vote

Women, Suffrage, and the Public Sphere
Margaret Smith Crocco

Suffrage and Social Change

The Organizing Strategies of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
Andrea S. Libresco

Women's Suffrage and the Question of Color
Neale McGoldrick

Educators as Activists: Five Women from Chicago
Petra Munro

The Nineteenth Amendment: Reform or Revolution?
Margaret Smith Crocco andDella Barr Brooks

Alice Paul and the ERA

Learning from the Suffragists: The League of Women Voters Educates Citizens for Action
Becky Cain

Seventy-Five Years Later...
Gender-Based Harassment in Schools
Kathryn Scott

Women's Suffrage: A Sampler of ERIC Resources
C. Frederick Risinger

The Amistad Incident: A Classroom Reenactment
Tedd Levy

TV Violence: Myth and Reality
Mary A. Hepburn

Books

Media

A Preview of Coming Attractions
Joy Ann Morin

Social Studies and the Internet Revolution
Elizabeth K. Wilson and George E. Marsh II

Two CD-ROM Products for Social Studies Classrooms
Charles White

Reclaiming the Spirit of theSocial Studies
H. Robert Brady and James L. Barth

Some Resources on the End of World War II
The following teaching package and books were recently received by Social Education. Reviews are by Social Education staff.

Slavery and Insurrectionsin the Colonial Province of New York
Marc Newman

"Less" Can Be "More" in the Promotion of Thinking
Dwayne G. Olsen

Teaching Critical Thinking: A Metacognitive Approach
William W. Wilen and John Arul Phillips

Making Critical Thinking Possible: Options for Teachers
Ian Wright

Students as Social Science Researchers: Gender Issuesin the Classroom
Joan Brodsky Schur

History is in the Eye of the Beholder
Arthur Brakel

The Historian as Detective: An Introduction to Historical Methodology
Michael J. Arrato Gavrish

Six-Hat Social Studies
Ron H. Pahl

Exchanging Opinions Through Letters and Editorials:A Social Studies Activity
Michael D. Evans

TV or Not TV? That Is the Question
A Study of the Effects of Channel One
Drew Tiene and Evonne Whitmore

Carmen Sandiego: Crime Can Pay When It Comes To Learning
Terry Carroll, Cheryl Knight,
and Ed Hutchinson

Education and Its Consequences: Value Conflicts in an Immigrant Community
Christian Ghasarian

South Africa's Transformationas Seen at School
D. L. Brook, Sherry L. Field, and Linda D. Labbo

The Peaceful Revolution:Some Teaching Resources
Diane L. Brook, Linda D. Labbo, and Sherry L. Field

"Grandma Book":Writing to Discover Your Past
John Marshall Carter

BOOKS

History Standards and Culture Wars
Gary B. Nash and Ross E. Dunn

Activating Student Voices: The Paideia Seminar in the Social Studies Classroom
James Holden and Kelly Bunte

Teaching about Local History Using Customized Photographs
Joseph M. Kirman

Social Math in the History Classroom
Bernard C. Hollister

Bringing the American Civil War to the Classroom: Suggestions and Sources
Wayne Mahood

Motivational Strategies of Middle School Social Studies Teachers
Edward W. Hootstein

Ten Tips for Improving Teacher-Student Relationships
Lee Morganett

Women's History of the 1920s: A Look at Anzia Yezierska and Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Margaret Smith Crocco

Education in Mainland China
Deanna T. Bartels and Felicia C. Eppley

The Riddle of Amelia Earhart: Biographical Study and Hypothesis Testing
Timothy H. Little

The United Nations and the New Global Challenges
Boutros Boutros-Ghali

For the Common Good:The U.S. Role in the United Nations
Edward C. Luck and Nick Birnback

Keeping the Peace: The Argument for a United Nations Volunteer Military Force
Brian Urquhart

Peacekeepers: Accounts from the Front

A Global Look at Law and Order: The "World Court" at the UN's Fiftieth
Howard N. Meyer

Voices at the United Nations: The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations
Rosalind W. Harris

The United Nations From the Field: The Work of Volunteers
Joanne Dufour and Billie Day

Human Rights and Values Education: Using the International Standards
Betty A. Reardon

One Common Heart
Daniel P. Moynihan

Celebrating the United Nations: Global Education at Morristown-Beard School
Rose Franke Koch and Alan H. Cooper

A Classroom Module on Peace-Building
Mary Eileen Sorenson

Experiencing a Model United Nations
Susan Travis

When Our StudentsAre Teachers
Joanne Dufour

Education About the United Nations in the People's Republic of China
Wu Jianqiang

Teaching about the United Nations through the Hunger Issue in an English as a
Foreign Language Class
Atsushi Iino

A Central American Perspective on Teaching about the United Nations
Eleonora Ordonez

Educating Young Children on the United Nations
Judy Casburn

The United Nations and the National Curriculum of England and Wales
David Barrs

The United Nations: Its Role and Place in African Education
Francois N. Muyumba

The United Nations University

Resource Materials about the United Nations
Patricia Szczerba

Databases, CD-ROMs, & Cassettes
Patricia Szczerba

BOOKS

The Pain of Change
John J. Cogan

Islam: Sunnis and Shiites
Muhammad Hanif

Cultivating Civilization: The Age of the English Coffee House
Timothy Bakken

Five Paradigms of Ethnic Relations
Rod Janzen

Multicultural Education vs Anti-Racist Education: The Debate in Canada
John W. Kehoe

After Nairobi: New Horizons for Social Studies
The African Experience
James L. Barth

Guidelines for Geographic Education
Cross-Disciplinary Economics Training

Articles

The Guidelines for Geographic Education: A Ten-Year Retrospective
James F. Petersen, Salvatore J. Natoli, and Richard G. Boehm

An Elaboration of the Fundamental Themes in Geography
Richard G. Boehm and James F. Petersen

The Middle East as a Circumterral Region
Richard W. Fox and Saul B. Cohen

Cross-Disciplinary Teaching in High School Economics
Joseph G. Eisenhauer and Mark P. Zaporowski

Research

Influencing High School Students’ Attitudes Toward and Interactions with Peers with Disabilities
Robert M. Donaldson, Edwin Helmstetter, Jodi Donaldson, and Robert West

Classroom Teacher’s Idea Notebook

Reflecting on American History Through Poetry
Pat Carney-Dalton

Wanted Poster Geography: A High Interest Teaching Springboard
Rodney F. Allen and Laurie E.S. Molina

Notable Children’s Trade Books in the Field of Social Studies for 1994

Articles

Sometimes a Shining Moment: High School Students’ Representations
of History Through the Arts
Terrie L. Epstein

Globalization of United States History: Six Strategies
Helena Benitez

The AP United States History Exam: Have Free Response Essays Changed
in the Last Thirty Years?
Michael S. Henry

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Teaching Christopher Columbus
Joseph D. Enedy, P. Tony Graham, and Paul C. Cline

Elementary Education

Criteria for Selecting Picture Books with Historical Settings
Jeanne McLain Harms and Lucille J. Lettow

Making Every Picture Count: Ethnicity in Primary Grade Textbook Photographs
Karen L. Denton and Sharon Pray Muir

Stories from Our Past: Making History Come Alive for Children
Linda Leonard Lamme

Classroom Teacher’s Idea Notebook

Real-Life Scenarios for Teaching the Bill of Rights
Donald Wasson

The Impact of Industrialization on American Society: Alternative Assessments
Alan Singer

Quick Start Ideas for Teaching Current Events with Newspapers
Lynn Rhoades
 

Homefront to Front Lines:
Women in Wartime

Chinese Women Soldiers: A History of 5,000 Years
Xiaolin Li

Joan of Arc and Women’s Medieval Military Tradition: A Lesson Plan
Marjorie Bingham

A Trilogy of Medieval Women Warriors
Sandra K. Wales

Roles of Women in the American Revolution and the Civil War
Linda Grant De Pauw

Women in Battle in the Civil War
Richard Hall

American Women in World War I
Carl J. Schneider and Dorothy Schneider

The Woman’s Land Army, 1918
Margaret Laughlin

Convincing American Women to Join in the Efforts to Win World War I: A Lesson Plan
Cynthia S. Sunal and Mary E. Haas

"What Did You Do in the War, Grandma?" An Oral History
of Rhode Island Women During World War II
Linda P. Wood

Propaganda to Mobilize Women for World War II
Susan Mathis

A Grandmother’s Role in Wartime Communications
David R. Procter and Emily Webb

General Vaught Talks About American Women Veterans
Sukhwindar Singh

An Annotated List of Resources on Women and Wartime
Mary E. Haas

Article

The Smell of Celluloid in the Classroom: Five Great Movies That Teach
Julie Johnson and Colby Vargas

Classroom Teacher’s Idea Notebook
Integrating History and Geography
Al M. Rocca
 

Solving the Economic Mysteries of American History

National Standards: A Common Purpose
H. Michael Hartoonian

A Response to the NCSS Guidelines on Multicultural Education
Judith Rényi and Dennis R. Lubeck

SPECIAL SECTION
Solving the Economic Mysteries of American History

Using Economic Reasoning to Improve the Teaching of U.S. History
Mark C. Schug and Richard D. Western

How to Use an Economic Mystery in Your History Course
Donald R. Wentworth and Mark C. Schug

American Indians as Economic Decisionmakers
Jean Caldwell and David Gash

Teaching American Popular Culture:
History and Economic Reasoning Are Only the Beginning
Beth Kraig

Public Choice Theory and the Role of Government in the Past
Mark C. Schug and Jennifer Fontanini

A Global Economy Perspective on U.S. History
Donald R. Wentworth

Banks and Money in U.S. History
Jean Caldwell and Robert L. Highsmith

Teaching Economic History Is No Mystery If You Know Where to Look for Help
James E. Clark

ARTICLES

Children’s Voices from El Salvador: War and Peace
Cynthia Szymanski Sunal, Maria Luisa Meza, and Classroom “D” Fourth Graders

The Challenge of Social Studies for Limited English Proficient Students
Deborah J. Short

Using Formal and Informal Writing in Middle School Social Studies
Kim O’Day

RESEARCH

America Revised Revisited: Adolescents’ Attitudes Towards a United States History Textbook
Terrie L. Epstein

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Videodiscs on the Cold War and the Presidency
Peggy Pride
 

POINT OF VIEW

Multicultural Education and the Idols of the Mind: Why Multicultural EducationIs under Attack
Jeffrey T. Fouts

Afrocentrism: Reminders from a Sympathetic Curmudgeon
Ross Beatty

Social Challenges to America
Donald C. Orlich

MIDDLE LEVEL SECTION

Sharing Responsibility: Making Room for Student Voices
J. Lea Smith and Holly A. Johnson

Bridging Time and Space: Picture Books with Historical Settings
Jeanne McLain Harms and Lucille J. Lettow

Citizen Action in Historical Perspective: A Simulation on the Labor Movement in the Mid-1800s
Rahima C. Wade

Using Classroom Debates as a Learning Tool
Michael D. Evans

ARTICLES

The Magic of Elsah Creek
Cynthia Bidlack and Robert Williams

Social Studies and School-Based Community Service Programs:
Teaching the Role of Cooperation and Legitimate Power
David R. Procter and Mary E. Haas

Teaching the History of Science
Russell H. Hvolbeck

Teaching as Transformation: The Need to Redesign Courses on Vietnam
Marilyn Levine

BOOKS 393

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Potpourri of Instructional Technology Resources
Charles S. White
 

DATELINE

Hungary: A Nation in Transition
Jack Susskind

POINT OF VIEW

Could This Be the End of History?
Lawrence W. McBride

Multiculturalism and Afrocentricity: How They Influence Teaching U.S. History
Alan Singer

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

Is Curriculum Integration a Boon or a Threat to Social Studies?
Janet Alleman and Jere Brophy

SPECIAL FEATURE

Southeastern Indians, Precontact to the Present: An Essay and Selected Bibliography
for Teachers
Jacqueline A. Matte

FOUNDATIONS

Social Studies: A Field at Risk
James L. Barth, James M. Spencer, and Ronald Shepherd

ARTICLES

Key Elements of a Global Perspective
Roland Case

Classroom Management for Responsible Citizenship: Practical Strategies for Teachers
Dorene D. Ross and Elizabeth Bondy

Bringing Latin America to the Classroom
Linda Hahn Miller

Social Justice and the Moral Imagination
Robert Craig

CLASSROOM TEACHER’S IDEA NOTEBOOK

Recruiting American Colonists among Eighteenth-Century Europeans:
A Social Studies Exercise for Middle School Students
Michael D. Evans

BOOKS
 

Point of View

The NCSS Columbian Quincentenary Statement: A Reply
Lee F. Anderson

SPECIAL SECTION: A United Germany in a Uniting Europe, Part

Europe’s New Center
Manfred Stassen and Dagmar Kraemer

Why Study Germany and Europe Now?
Mike McKinnon

A Geopolitical Overview of Europe
William H. Berentsen

The Economic Development of Postwar Germany
Desmond Dinan

Immigration in Europe: How Much "Other" Is Too Much?
Gerhard Schmid

The ECU as the "Mark" of Unity: Europe between Monetary
Integration and Monetary Union
Jeremiah Riemer

A United Germany in a Uniting Europe
Donna Stassen

Addresses

Resources

BOOKS
 

Global Lessons from Siberia
Jan L. Tucker

Multiculturalism and Cultural Relativism after the Commemoration
Lawrence B. Breitborde

A Response to the NCSS Quincentenary Statement

The Gulf War on Computer: A Review of "Iraq Stack"
Dick Rattan

Recently Reviewed Video Products

Coaching Athletics and the Social Studies Classroom: A Replication Study
Alan Van Deraa and Mark C. Schug

A Second Look Is Always a Good Idea: Comments on the Van Deraa and Schug
Replication Study
Jeffrey T. Fouts

History: Signpost or Lamppost?
John C. Wilson

Designing Our Futures by Choice
Lynden J. Leppard

A Simple Economics Project that Students Enjoy
Adrienne K. Plavin

Using Satire to Study Current Events
Joseph M. Kirman

BOOKS

Industrial Growth Showing Concern for the Environment
William Hartman

Social Studies: There Is a History, There Is a Body, But Is It Worth Saving?
James L. Barth

On the NCSS Curriculum Guidelines for Multicultural Education
Milton Kleg

A Guide for Redefining Social Studies
Michael Hartoonian

The Desperate Dilemma of Bing Masters and His Three-Ring Combination Class: A
Case Study
Karla M. Hartzog

Primary Elementary Social Studies Instruction: A Status Report
Judith M. Finkelstein, Lynn E. Nielsen, and Thomas Switzer

Textbook Development and Selection in Japan and the United States
Masaru Tani and Masami Hasuko, Donald Lankiewicz, Stan Christodlous, and Salvatore J. Natoli

Community Service Agencies and Social Studies: A New Partnership
Douglas Roebuck and Arthur Hochman

Teaching for Democratic Action in a Deliberative Democracy
Lynden J. Leppard

Classrooms: The Confluence of Essential Social Streams
Lynden J. Leppard

The Social Studies and Scholastic Journalism: Partners in Citizenship Education
Thomas E. Eveslage

Retrieving and Reinforcing U.S. Government Using Graphic Organizers
William W. Goetz

Manifest Destiny: Understanding through Simulation
Michael D. Evans

Government in Action:A Simulation
Kraig Gustafson

The Field Trip As a Positive Experience for the Learning Disabled
Charles C. Cox III

BOOKS

U.S.-Japanese Relations
Bob McCannon

A Social Studies Computer Lab
Lawrence Stevens

The Great Solar System Rescue: A Highly Usable Videodisc Program
Mary E. Haas

Children's U.S. History Textbooks: 1787
Jimmie H. Hooper and Ben A. Smith

A Missing Piece of Heart: Children's Perceptions of the Persian Gulf War of
Trudy Knowles

Discovering a Democratic Tradition and Educating for Public Politics
Lynden J. Leppard

Elementary Social Studies Should Be Driven by Major Social Education Goals
Jere E. Brophy and Janet Alleman

Responding to the Gulf War: A Case Study of Instructional Decision Making
Merry M. Merryfield

"Dr. Ann-Sansei, Please Go Slowly!"
Ann G. Klein

Teaching the First Amendment to 7th and 8th Graders
Clifford L. Staten

A Study of Immigrant Experience
Marion R. Dedrick

BOOKS

349
Roller Coaster Round-Trip to Freedom: Never Say Never
Josef A. Mestenhauser

351
Unlearning the Lie: Integrating the United States History Curriculum
Terrie L. Epstein

353
Three Instructional Approaches to Carmen Sandiego Software Series
Maureen Robinson and Annette T. Schonborn

355
The First Printed World Map, 1472 a.d.
Gerald A. Danzer

358
And Now, a Message for Today's Students from Ben Franklin
Tedd Levy

360
Local Government in PolandPart I: The Reform
Wlodzimiercz Kocon

367
Incountry
David M. Berman

371
Global Interdependence: Learning from Personal Effects
Darrell A. Norris

373
How Social Studies Educators See the Essentiality of Their Discipline for Social
Mobilization of Youth in Nigeria
Samuel F. Ogundare

380
The First Amendment and the Rehnquist Court: Protecting Majority Values or Limiting
Individual Liberty?
David Schimmel

384
The Lessons of Teaching Tiananmen: The Dream Deferred
Henry Kiernan

388
Tiananmen Square and China-One Year Later
Deborah Doyle

392
Cooperative Learning and Achievement in Social Studies: Jigsaw II
Robert M. Mattingly and Ronald L. VanSickle

396
"They Are Not Like Us!": Teaching about Immigrants in Rural Schools
Bob Benoit

398
A Competitive Field Experiencefor Junior High and Middle Schools
Michael D. Evans

400
BOOKS

294
Learning from and in Norwegian High Schools
Murry Nelson

295
Alarming Report on Much Abused Planet Earth
William Hartman

296
An Update on UNESCO
Joanne Dufour

297
A Memorial: Dana Kurfman (1925-1990)
Michael S. Henry

298
The Commission Report and Critical Thinking: A Defense
Kevin O'Reilly

301
World Maps, Worldviews, and World History
Gerald A. Danzer

304
The Earliest World Map, Babylonia, c. 500 b.c.
Gerald A. Danzer

307
The Milkman Doesn't Come to My Door: Teaching about Family Service Providers
Marjorie W. Lee

313
Cooperative Learning and Elementary Social Studies
Edith Guyton

316
Assessing Spatial Development: Implications for Map Skill Instruction
Sharon Pray Muir and Helen Neely Cheek

320
Students' Geopolitical Perspectives
Patricia G. Avery and Jan Armstrong Gamradt, with JoAnn Trygestad and Susan Sedro

326
Cooperative Learning:A Practical Application Strategy
Stephen A. Platte

329
Springboards to Geographic Inquiry: State Seals and National Coats of Arms
Mokgweetsi Eric Masisi, Rodney F. Allen

334
BOOKS